Respiratory

Question 1

Conducting zone function?

Answer 1

conducts air in and out of respiratory zone, warms and humidifies air to protect epithelial cells in the respiratory zone

Question 2

Organs included in the conducting zone?

Answer 2

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal bronchioles

Question 3

Respiratory zone function?

Answer 3

gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood of the pulmonary capillaries

Question 4

What is surfactant made of?

Answer 4

protein and phospholipid

Question 5

Function of surfactant?

Answer 5

decrease surface tension of water. Alveoli are more likely to collapse without surfactant.

Question 6

How does emphysema affect the lung?

Answer 6

destroys cleaning aspect of the lung, collapses alveoli

Question 7

What type of disease is emphysema?

Answer 7

Destructive; decreased alveoli, decreased surface area, decreased elastic recoil of lung, & increased lung compliance

Question 8

Obstructive lung diseases…

Answer 8

have difficult time exhaling all the air out of the lungs, increased airway resistance, decreased ventilation

Question 9

What type of disease is fibrotic lung disease (black lung)?

Answer 9

Restrictive

Question 10

Restrictive lung diseases…

Answer 10

have a difficulty expanding their lungs with air, thicker alveoli, slows gas exchange, loss of lung compliance (ability to stretch lung)

Question 11

Intrapulmonary/Alveolar Pressure (Pa) is the

Answer 11

pressure within the lung

Question 12

Pa

Answer 12

Intrapulmonary pressure

Question 13

Intrapulmonary pressure (Pa) equals

Answer 13

atmospheric pressure at rest; pressure inside the pleural cavity

Question 14

Intrapleural pressure (Ppl) is

Answer 14

sub-atmospheric (negative) at rest; pressure inside the lungs and alevoli

Question 15

Transpulmonary pressure equals

Answer 15

Pa - Ppl; the pressure that keeps the lung open

Question 16

Boyles Law Equation

Answer 16

P1V1=P2V2

Question 17

During inspiration volume…

Answer 17

increases therefore pressure decreases; pressure more negative on the outside, Ppl becomes more negative, Pa becomes more negative (-3mmHg)

Question 18

During exhalation volume…

Answer 18

decreases therefore pressure increases; Ppl becomes less negative, Pa becomes positive (+3mmHg)

Question 19

Muscles of inspiration?

Answer 19

sternocleidomastoid scalene, external and parasternal intercostals, diaphragm

Question 20

Muscles of exhalation?

Answer 20

Internal intercostals, internal and external abdominal oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis

Question 21

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 21

collapsed lung

Question 22

Open pneumothorax

Answer 22

air enter via opened wound through chest wall

Question 23

Closed pneumothorax

Answer 23

air enters via lung injury; chest wall remains intact

Question 24

airway resistance

Answer 24

ease with which air flows through airways

Question 25

Flow=

Answer 25

pressure/resistance

Question 26

compliance

Answer 26

the ability to stretch. Determined by lung structure and surface tension

Question 27

RDS

Answer 27

Type II alveoli cells are not mature enough to provide surfactant, alveoli collapse (occurs in premature babies)

Question 28

Gas exchange in the lungs occurs by

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

Gas Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law) equation?

Answer 29

Patm=PN2+PO2+PCO2+PH2O=760mmHg

Question 30

Partial pressure is the

Answer 30

pressure exerted by one gas in a mixture

Question 31

H2O alveolar air amount?

Answer 31

47mmHg

Question 32

H2O process that happens from inspired to alveolar air?

Answer 32

humidification

Question 33

CO2 alveolar amount?

Answer 33

40mmHg

Question 34

CO2 process that happens from inspired to alveolar air?

Answer 34

produced (0.003–40)

Question 35

O2 alveolar amount?

Answer 35

105mmHg about 100