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Y3/Y5 Finals > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

asthma symptoms

A

intermittent dyspnoea
wheeze
nocturnal cough with sputum

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2
Q

asthma precipitations

A

cold air
exercise
allergens
infection
smoking
pollution
NSAIDs
beta blockers
ACEi

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3
Q

asthma signs

A

tachypnoea
audible and widespread polyphonic wheeze
hyperinflated chest
hyper-resonant percussion
reduced air entry

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4
Q

step 1 asthma management

A

PRN SABA

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5
Q

step 2 asthma management

A

add low dose ICS

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6
Q

step 3 asthma management

A

add LTRA

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7
Q

step 4 asthma management

A

LABA + ICS

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8
Q

step 5 asthma management

A

MART with low maintenance ICS

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9
Q

step 6 asthma management

A

increase ICS to moderate maintenance dose

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10
Q

step 7 asthma management

A

increase ICS to high maintenance dose + SABA reliever OR trial LAMA or theophylline

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11
Q

asthma attack management

A
  1. salbutamol +- BURST
  2. neb salbutamol +- O2 back to back x3
  3. PO pred
  4. neb ipratropium
  5. IV MgSO4 or aminophylline
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12
Q

SE of SABA

A

resting sinus tachycardia
hypokalaemia
tremor
anxiety

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13
Q

SE of PO steroids

A

candidiasis
hoarse voice

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14
Q

SE methylxanthines

A

headache
nausea
insomnia
hypokalaemia

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15
Q

SE antimuscarinics

A

headaches
dry mouth
GI motility disturbance

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16
Q

SE LTRA

A

headache
GI
psychiatric

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17
Q

signs of COPD

A

cor pulmonale
reduced chest expansion
accessory muscle use
cyanosis

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18
Q

spirometry picture for COPD

A

obstructive FEV1:FVC <0.7

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19
Q

COPD CXR

A

hyperinflation
flat diaphragm
increased retrosternal air space - lateral
bullae
small vertical heart

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20
Q

step 1 COPD chronic management

A

SABA or SAMA

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21
Q

step 2 COPD chronic management - non-asthmatic or steroid responsive

A

LABA + LAMA

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22
Q

step 2 COPD chronic management - asthmatic or steroid responsive

A

LABA + ICS

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23
Q

step 3 COPD chronic management

A

LABA + LAMA + ICS

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24
Q

management of acute COPD exacerbation

A

SABA +- SAMA
ABX
pred
O2
IV theophylline
BiPAP

25
Q

CAP antibiotic choice

A

amoxicillin

26
Q

HAP antibiotic choice

A

doxycycline

27
Q

what does CURB represent

A

confusion AMTS <8
Urea >7
RR >30
SBP <90 DBP <60
Age >65

28
Q

signs of bronchiectasis

A

high pitched inspiratory squeaks
clubbing
sputum production
haemoptysis

29
Q

bronchiectasis CXR

A

cystic shadows
thickened bronchial walls
obscured hemidiaphragm

30
Q

causes of bronchiectasis

A

CF
pneumonia
bronchial obstruction
primary ciliary dyskinesia

31
Q

CF treatment

A

ivacaftor
pancreatic enzyme replacement
PPI
fat soluble vitamin supplements

32
Q

interstitial lung disease signs

A

end expiratory basilar crackles

33
Q

pulmonary fibrosis CXR/CT findings

A

basilar and subpleural reticulation
ground glass
honeycombing

34
Q

specific blood tests for pulmonary fibrosis

A

ANA
Anti-CCP

35
Q

pharmacological management of pulmonary fibrosis

A

pirfenidone
PPI

36
Q

ILD 4 diseases

A

pulmonary fibrosis
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
cryptogenic organising pneumonia
asbestosis

37
Q

what does a bronchoalveolar lavage show in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

raised lymphocytes and mast cells

38
Q

asbestosis CXR findings

A

pleural plaques

39
Q

which lung cancer is associated with smoking

A

small cell

40
Q

specific symptom for pulmonary oedema

A

pink frothy sputum

41
Q

LVF signs of pulmonary oedema

A

bibasal creps
cardiac wheeze
displaced apex
third heart sound

42
Q

RVF signs of pulmonary oedema

A

RV heave
raised JVP
hepatomegaly
peripheral oedema

43
Q

RVF signs of pulmonary oedema

A

RV heave
raised JVP
hepatomegaly
peripheral oedemade

44
Q

define transudative pleural effusion

A

increased hydrostatic pressure or reduced osmotic pressure in the microvascular circulation
protein <30

45
Q

causes of transudative pleural effusion

A

high venous pressure - CCF, constrictive pericarditis
hypoproteinaemia - cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption
hypothyroidism
malignancy
meig syndrome - ovarian tumour causing R sided effusion

46
Q

define exudative pleural effusion

A

increase in capillary permeability and impaired pleural fluid resorption
damage to cells causing LDH leakage
protein >30

47
Q

causes of exudative pleural effusion

A

infection, inflammation, malignancy
pneumonia
pulmonary infarction
RA, SLE
drugs - MTX, BB

48
Q

symptoms of pleural effusion

A

pleuritic chest pain
dyspnoea
cough

49
Q

signs of pleural effusion

A

decreased chest expansion
stony dull percussion
reduced breath sounds
decreased vocal resonance and tactile vocal fremitus
tracheal deviation
bronchial breathing above effusion

50
Q

bloods for pleural effusion

A

amylase
LDH
serum total protein

51
Q

CXR findings for pleural effusion

A

blunting costophrenic angle
fluid within horizontal or oblique fissures
meniscus
total white out
water dense shadows
concave upper borders `

51
Q

CXR findings for pleural effusion

A

blunting costophrenic angle
fluid within horizontal or oblique fissures
meniscus
total white out
water dense shadows
concave upper borders `

52
Q

management of pleural effusion

A

thoracocentesis
pleurodesis with talc - recurrent

53
Q

what to look for in thoracocentesis

A

protein, LDH, pH, glucose
cytology
MC&S
AFB
amylase

54
Q

lights criteria

A

defines exudative effusion =
effusion protein: serum protein >0.5
effusion LDH: serum LDH >0.6
effusion LDH >0.66

55
Q

signs of PE

A

hypoxaemia
localised pleural rub
coarse crackles
raised JVP

56
Q

ECG findings for PE

A

T wave inversions in inferior and R precordial leads
new RBBB
atrial arrhythmias

57
Q

OSA definition

A

> 5 obstructive apnoeas / hr

58
Q

complications of sleep apnoea

A

cor pulmonale
secondary polycythaemia

Y3/Y5 Finals (2 decks)

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