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Y3/Y5 Finals > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

asthma symptoms

A

intermittent dyspnoea
wheeze
nocturnal cough with sputum

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2
Q

asthma precipitations

A

cold air
exercise
allergens
infection
smoking
pollution
NSAIDs
beta blockers
ACEi

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3
Q

asthma signs

A

tachypnoea
audible and widespread polyphonic wheeze
hyperinflated chest
hyper-resonant percussion
reduced air entry

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4
Q

step 1 asthma management

A

PRN SABA

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5
Q

step 2 asthma management

A

add low dose ICS

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6
Q

step 3 asthma management

A

add LTRA

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7
Q

step 4 asthma management

A

LABA + ICS

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8
Q

step 5 asthma management

A

MART with low maintenance ICS

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9
Q

step 6 asthma management

A

increase ICS to moderate maintenance dose

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10
Q

step 7 asthma management

A

increase ICS to high maintenance dose + SABA reliever OR trial LAMA or theophylline

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11
Q

asthma attack management

A
  1. salbutamol +- BURST
  2. neb salbutamol +- O2 back to back x3
  3. PO pred
  4. neb ipratropium
  5. IV MgSO4 or aminophylline
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12
Q

SE of SABA

A

resting sinus tachycardia
hypokalaemia
tremor
anxiety

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13
Q

SE of PO steroids

A

candidiasis
hoarse voice

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14
Q

SE methylxanthines

A

headache
nausea
insomnia
hypokalaemia

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15
Q

SE antimuscarinics

A

headaches
dry mouth
GI motility disturbance

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16
Q

SE LTRA

A

headache
GI
psychiatric

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17
Q

signs of COPD

A

cor pulmonale
reduced chest expansion
accessory muscle use
cyanosis

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18
Q

spirometry picture for COPD

A

obstructive FEV1:FVC <0.7

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19
Q

COPD CXR

A

hyperinflation
flat diaphragm
increased retrosternal air space - lateral
bullae
small vertical heart

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20
Q

step 1 COPD chronic management

A

SABA or SAMA

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21
Q

step 2 COPD chronic management - non-asthmatic or steroid responsive

A

LABA + LAMA

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22
Q

step 2 COPD chronic management - asthmatic or steroid responsive

A

LABA + ICS

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23
Q

step 3 COPD chronic management

A

LABA + LAMA + ICS

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24
Q

management of acute COPD exacerbation

A

SABA +- SAMA
ABX
pred
O2
IV theophylline
BiPAP

25
CAP antibiotic choice
amoxicillin
26
HAP antibiotic choice
doxycycline
27
what does CURB represent
confusion AMTS <8 Urea >7 RR >30 SBP <90 DBP <60 Age >65
28
signs of bronchiectasis
high pitched inspiratory squeaks clubbing sputum production haemoptysis
29
bronchiectasis CXR
cystic shadows thickened bronchial walls obscured hemidiaphragm
30
causes of bronchiectasis
CF pneumonia bronchial obstruction primary ciliary dyskinesia
31
CF treatment
ivacaftor pancreatic enzyme replacement PPI fat soluble vitamin supplements
32
interstitial lung disease signs
end expiratory basilar crackles
33
pulmonary fibrosis CXR/CT findings
basilar and subpleural reticulation ground glass honeycombing
34
specific blood tests for pulmonary fibrosis
ANA Anti-CCP
35
pharmacological management of pulmonary fibrosis
pirfenidone PPI
36
ILD 4 diseases
pulmonary fibrosis hypersensitivity pneumonitis cryptogenic organising pneumonia asbestosis
37
what does a bronchoalveolar lavage show in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
raised lymphocytes and mast cells
38
asbestosis CXR findings
pleural plaques
39
which lung cancer is associated with smoking
small cell
40
specific symptom for pulmonary oedema
pink frothy sputum
41
LVF signs of pulmonary oedema
bibasal creps cardiac wheeze displaced apex third heart sound
42
RVF signs of pulmonary oedema
RV heave raised JVP hepatomegaly peripheral oedema
43
RVF signs of pulmonary oedema
RV heave raised JVP hepatomegaly peripheral oedemade
44
define transudative pleural effusion
increased hydrostatic pressure or reduced osmotic pressure in the microvascular circulation protein <30
45
causes of transudative pleural effusion
high venous pressure - CCF, constrictive pericarditis hypoproteinaemia - cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption hypothyroidism malignancy meig syndrome - ovarian tumour causing R sided effusion
46
define exudative pleural effusion
increase in capillary permeability and impaired pleural fluid resorption damage to cells causing LDH leakage protein >30
47
causes of exudative pleural effusion
infection, inflammation, malignancy pneumonia pulmonary infarction RA, SLE drugs - MTX, BB
48
symptoms of pleural effusion
pleuritic chest pain dyspnoea cough
49
signs of pleural effusion
decreased chest expansion stony dull percussion reduced breath sounds decreased vocal resonance and tactile vocal fremitus tracheal deviation bronchial breathing above effusion
50
bloods for pleural effusion
amylase LDH serum total protein
51
CXR findings for pleural effusion
blunting costophrenic angle fluid within horizontal or oblique fissures meniscus total white out water dense shadows concave upper borders `
51
CXR findings for pleural effusion
blunting costophrenic angle fluid within horizontal or oblique fissures meniscus total white out water dense shadows concave upper borders `
52
management of pleural effusion
thoracocentesis pleurodesis with talc - recurrent
53
what to look for in thoracocentesis
protein, LDH, pH, glucose cytology MC&S AFB amylase
54
lights criteria
defines exudative effusion = effusion protein: serum protein >0.5 effusion LDH: serum LDH >0.6 effusion LDH >0.66
55
signs of PE
hypoxaemia localised pleural rub coarse crackles raised JVP
56
ECG findings for PE
T wave inversions in inferior and R precordial leads new RBBB atrial arrhythmias
57
OSA definition
>5 obstructive apnoeas / hr
58
complications of sleep apnoea
cor pulmonale secondary polycythaemia

Y3/Y5 Finals (2 decks)

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