Respiratory

Question 1

sternal angle (angle of louis)

Answer 1

level of 2nd cartilage and heart’s upper border,

Question 2

anterior reference lines

Answer 2

midsternal line (RSB, LSB), midclavicular line (RMCL, LMCL), anterior axillary (AAL)

Question 3

lateral reference lines

Answer 3

anterior axillary line, midaxillary line, posterior axillary line

Question 4

lobes of each lung

Answer 4

right has 3, left has 2

Question 5

right bronchus is _ so more _ happens on the right side

Answer 5

wider, shorter, more vertical. aspiration

Question 6

lower lobes expand to what vertebrae posteriorly

Answer 6

T10 on expiration and T11 on inspiration

Question 7

barrel chest

Answer 7

AP diameter 1:1, can be due to emphysema (damage to air sacks)

Question 8

normal nail angle

Answer 8

160

Question 9

bronchial sounds

Answer 9

normal, high pitched and loud, harsh 1(insp):2(exp)

Question 10

Bronchovesicular sounds

Answer 10

normal, medium pitched, 1(insp):1(exp)

Question 11

vesicular sounds

Answer 11

normal, low pitched and soft, blowing sound 2.5(insp):1(exp)

Question 12

crackle sounds

Answer 12

discontinuous, high pitched, crackling or popping, during inspiration

Question 13

pleural friction rub sounds

Answer 13

discontinuous, coarse low grating sounds, inflamed pleura

Question 14

wheezing sounds

Answer 14

continuous, high pitched, during expiration

Question 15

rhonchi sounds

Answer 15

continuous, low pitched snoring, throughout breathing

Question 16

stridor sounds

Answer 16

continuous, high pitched crowing sound, during inspiration, louder in neck

Question 17

egophony

Answer 17

listen to chest while person says “e”, abnormal if sounds like “a”

Question 18

bronchophony

Answer 18

patient says “99”, the sounds should be muffled while listening

Question 19

lobar pneumonia

Answer 19

dull percussion, increased tactile fremitus, bronchophony and egophony are present

Question 20

pleural effusion

Answer 20

flat or dull percussion, decreased or absent tactile fremitus, breath sounds decreased, trachea shifts

Question 21

pneumothorax

Answer 21

hyperresonant, decreased tactile fremitus, decreased breath sounds, unequal chest expansion

Question 22

COPD

Answer 22

increased A/P diameter, hyperresonant, decreased tactile fremitus, prolonged expiration w/ wheeze

Question 23

atelectasis (lung collapse)

Answer 23

Decreased expansion, dull percussion, decreased tactile fremitus, breath sounds decreased, crackles

Question 24

crepitation

Answer 24

air in subcutaneous tissue, tested by palpating anterior chest wall

Question 25

what to inspect during assessment

Answer 25

facial expression, color, respiratory rhythm, use of accessory muscles, A/P diameter, cap refill, clubbing