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CPA > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Upper right lobe surface marking

A 
Anterior:​
2-3cm above middle 1/3 of clavicle​
Sternoclavicular joint ​
2nd cc at sternal border​
4th cc at sternal border​

Posterior:​
Follow 4th rib to T3​

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2
Q

Middle right lobe: surface marking

A 
Anterior ONLY:​
4th cc​
6th cc​
6th rib at MCL​
4th rib at MAL
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3
Q

Lower right lobe surface marking

A

Anterior:​
6th cc​
6th rib at MCL​
8th rib at MAL​

Posterior:​
10th rib at scapular line​
10th rib at PML

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4
Q

Upper left lobe surface marking

A 
Anterior:​
2-3cm above medial third of clavicle​
Sternoclavicular joint​
2nd cc​
4th cc with cardiac notch to 6th cc​

Posterior:​
T3 at PML

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5
Q

Lower left lobe surface marking

A

Anterior:​
6th rib at MCL​
8th rib at MAL​
10th rib at scapular line​

Posterior:​
10th rib at PML

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6
Q

Both visceral and parietal surface marking

A 
2-3cm above medial third of clavicle​
Sternoclavicular joint​
2nd cc at sternal border​
4th cc at sternal border​
6th cc at sternal border
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7
Q

Visceral pleura surface marking

A

6th rib at MCL​
8th rib at MAL​
10th rib at scapular line

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8
Q

Parietal pleura surface marking

A

8th rib at MCL​
10th rib at MAL​
12th rib at scapular line​

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9
Q

Trachea displacement toward side of lung lesion

A

Upper lobe collapse
Upper lobe fibrosis
Pneumonectomy

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10
Q

Trachea displacement away from side of lung lesion

A

Extensive pleural effusion

Tension pneumothorax

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11
Q

Hyper-resonant percussion

A

Pneumothorax
Hollow bowels
COPD

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12
Q

Hypo-resonant percussion

A

Pleural effusion
Lung tumour
Consolidation
Collapse

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13
Q

Normal breath sounds

A

Result of air turbulence in airways

Bronchial sound and vesicular sound

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14
Q

Bronchial sounds

A

Heard over trachea (neck), suprasternal notch, manubrium, sternal angle, and sternoclavicular joints between C7 and T3. In these areas, the airways are not surrounded by alveolar tissue, and therefore, the air turbulence in them is heard without any filtering.

It is loud, hollow, and high pitch
Expiratory phase is longer than the inspiratory
There is distinct pause between inspiration and expiration.

Over areas of pathology such as consolidation, localised pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion and collapsed lung.

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15
Q

Vesicular sounds

A

These low pitch notes will be present all over the rest of the chest area where normal lung tissue is present. The lung tissue filters the sounds of air turbulence, which results in the low pitch vesicular sound.

Soft, low pitched, and rustling in quality
Inspiratory phase lasts longer than the expiratory phase
Intensity of inspiration is greater than that of expiration
Inspiration is higher pitch than expiration
No pause between inspiration and expiration

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16
Q

Reduced intensity of vesicular breath sounds

A

Poor sound generation in the airways or poor sound transmission through the tissues.

Shallow breathing, airway obstruction, hyperinflation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pleural thickening and obesity. In obstructive lung diseases like asthma and chronic bronchitis the expiration becomes prolonged.

17
Q

Chest drain indications

A

Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Haemothorax

18
Q

Safety triangle

A

Posterior- Latissimus dorsi - posterior axillary fold

Anterior- Pectoralis major - anterior axillary fold

Inferior- 5th intercostal space at mid-axillary line

Superior- below apex of axilla

19
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Create an artificial air passage into the trachea in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure. An opening is created on the anterior wall of the trachea between the 1st and 2nd tracheal cartilage rings.

Infrahyoid muscles are retracted laterally and the isthmus of the thyroid gland is either retracted superiorly or divided. A tracheostomy tube is inserted into the opening and secured.

20
Q

Decreased unilateral chest expansion

A

Pneumothorax​
Pleural effusion ​
Collapsed lung ​
Consolidation

21
Q

Decreased bilateral chest expansion

A

COPD​
Asthma ​
Can be difficult to detect

22
Q

Tactile vocal fremitus

A

Increased vibration:​
Increased tissue density eg: consolidation, tumour ​

Decreased vibration:​
Fluid or air outside lung eg: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, COPD​

23
Q

Lymph nodes

A 
Submental nodes​
Submandibular nodes​
Periauricular/ parotid nodes ​
Post auricular nodes​
Occipital nodes​
Superior deep cervical nodes​
Inferior deep cervical nodes ​
Supraclavicular nodes​

​

24
Q

Respiratory causes of lymphadenopathy

A 
Lung cancer with metastases ​
Tuberculosis ​
Sarcoidosis ​
Infection ​
Viral upper tract infection most common ​

CPA (5 decks)

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