Respiratory

Question 1

Which cranialnerve supplies the sensory innervation of the nasopharynx?

Answer 1

Trigeminal (CN V)

Question 2

Which cranial nerve supples the sensory innervation of the oropharynx?

Answer 2

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 3

What does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 3

Cricothyroid muscle (tensor of TRUE vocal cords)

Question 4

What does the Recurrent Laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 4

All remaining intrinsic muscles

Question 5

How can you prevent the hemodynamic effects of Ketamine?

Answer 5

Premedicate with Droperidol, dex, or benzos

Question 6

Blood supply of the Larynx

Answer 6

Superior & inferior laryngeal arterial branches of the superior & inferior thyroid arteries

Question 7

What type of cells secrete surfactant?

Answer 7

Type II alveolar cells (Laminar bodies)

Question 8

Provides blood supply to the lungs

Answer 8

Bronchial arteries

Question 9

Where does the blood go after supplying the lungs? What is this called?

Answer 9

1/3 returns to systemic venous system; remainder drains into pulmonary veins.
Bronchial Shunt

Question 10

Principal accessory muscles

Answer 10

Sternocleidomastoid & Scalene

Question 11

Changes of resp system in infants & children:

Answer 11

⬇️ overall compliance but ⬆️ chest wall compliance;
⬇️ FRC during anesthesia (normally maintained above CC awake by rapid RR); smaller airways = ⬆️ resistnace; narrowest portion = cricoid cartilage

Question 12

Changes of resp system in elderly:

Answer 12

⬇️ muscle tone in pharynx —> upper airway obstruction; loss of pulmonary vascular bed —> ⬆️ PVR & alveolar dead space

Question 13

Air volume inspired & expired during a relaxed breathing cycle

Answer 13

Tidal volume

Question 14

Volume remaining in the lung after a maximal expiratory effort

Answer 14

Residual Volume

Question 15

The volume of air that can be forcible exhaled b/w the resting end-expiratory volume and the RV

Answer 15

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 16

The volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort above the normal resting end-expiratory position of a tidal volume

Answer 16

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Question 17

The volume of air that can be exhaled in 1 second with maximal effort from the point of maximal inspiration

Answer 17

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

Question 18

The amount of air that can be exhaled from the point of maximal inspiration to the point of maximal expiration

Answer 18

Vital Capacity (VC); IRV + ERV

Question 19

The volume of air that can be exhaled with maximal effort from TLC

Answer 19

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

Question 20

Total volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

Answer 20

Total Lung Capacity (TLC); IRV + ERV + RV

Question 21

Amount of air in the lung at the end of a quiet expiration

Answer 21

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC); ERV + RV

Question 22

The lung volume below which small airways beginto close during expiraiton

Answer 22

Closing volume

Question 23

Closing capacity

Answer 23

The sum of the closing volume and the residual volume

Question 24

The closing capacity exceeds FRC in the supine position at age ______ and in the upright positon at age ______

Answer 24

45; 65

Question 25

All general anesthetics except _______ ⬇️ elastic recoil of chest wall causing the FRC to ⬇️ below CC

Answer 25

Ketamine

Question 26

What are leukotrine modifiers used for?

Answer 26

Long term therapy for asthma in combinaiton with ICS or short acting B agonist

Question 27

What are mast cell stabilizers used for?

Answer 27

Alternative tx when the control of asthma is not optimal. NOT 1st line therapy for asthma