Respiratory Flashcards
What is normal tidal volume (volume of air exchanged with each breath) in adults?
500mL
_____ is a lipoprotein that helps keep the alveoli open, preventing alveolar collapse
surfactant
________ is a measure of the elasticity of the lungs and thorax. When decreased, the lungs are more difficult to inflate.
compliance
What is the main intervention for treating minor epistaxis?
- Have the Pt sit upright and squeeze the bridge of the nose tightly
What is the most important step in managing allergic rhinitis?
identifying and avoiding triggers of allergic reactions
systemic symptoms of cough, fever, and myalgia often accompanied by a headache
and sore throat is likely indicative of what?
influenza
How is community acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia differentiated?
Community is before or first 48 hours of hospitalization. HAP occurs after 48 hours in hospital
Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large
bronchi. What is the hallmark symptom of bronchiectasis?
persistent or recurrent cough with production of >20mL of purulent sputum per day
Pneumoconiosis is a general term for what group of lung diseases?
Lung diseases caused by inhalation and retention of dust particle
Flail chest results from multiple rib fractures, causing an unstable chest wall. What does flail chest look like during respiration?
During ventilation, the chest moves paradoxically to the intact portion of the chest (sucked in during inspiration, bulges on expiration)
What is the most common cause of actelectasis?
airway obstruction from retained exudates and secretions
Wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, and cough (especially night and early morning) are clinical manifestation of what respiratory challenge?
asthma
What are some key treatments for asthma?
avoiding triggers, rescue meds such as salbutamol (fast acting b2 agonists), inhaled corticosteroids, anticholinergics
what is the main mode of transmission of Covid-19?
respiratory droplets and aerosols
what is the incubation period for COVID-19?
2-14 days, with a median of 5-6 days from exposure to onset
