RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

management of pulmonary hypertension

A

diuretics to treat the peripheral oedema
supplemental oxygen
CCB e.g. dltiazem and verapamil
PED5i = sildenifil
endothelin A = bosentan and ambristen
prostacyclin analagoues = epoprostenol, iloprost and treprostinil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
non productive cough 
dyspnoea
chest pain 
dull to percuss
reduced breath sounds 
reduced chest expansion
A
pleural effusion 
(>30g/L protein = exudate, <30g/L protein = transudate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

progressive exertional dyspnea
dry cough
bibasal fine crackles
clubbing

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pulmonary fibrosis management

A

pulmonary rehabilitation
pirfenidone can be useful
supplemental oxygen
eventual lung transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pleuritic chest pain - worse on inspiration and coughing
dyspnoea
haemoptysis

A

pleurisy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

progressive exertional dyspnoea
cough
black/brown sputum

A

pneumoconiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

managment of pneumoconiosis

A

avoidance of coal dust exposure
smoking cessation
manage chronic bronchitis symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
erythema nodosum 
lupus pernio (red/purple raised skin around the face)
malaise 
fever 
polyarthralgia
SOB 
dry cough 
hypercalcemia
A

sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

management for sarcoidosis

A

steroids for 6-24 months

immunosuppressants in severe cases
lung transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cough (non/productive), sore throat, rhinorrhea, wheeze and sometimes a low-grade fever

A

acute bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

management of acute bronchitis

A

analgesia and fluids

Abx indicated in systemic illness, co-morbidities or CRP 20-100
= give doxycycline (alt is amoxicillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
coryzal symptoms 
dry cough
increasing breathlessness
sometimes wheeze/fine inspiratory crackles
feeding difficulties
A

bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

investigation for bronchiolitis

A

immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal swabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mx for bronchiolitis

A

supportive = humidified oxygen, NG feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
preceding coryza 
coughing bouts 
inspiratory whoops
spells of apneoa 
post-tussive vomiting
A

pertussis/whooping cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

investigation for pertusis

A

nasal swab

17
Q

management of pertussis

A

oral macrolide 21 days
offer Abx household prophylaxis
school exclusion till 48hrs after Abx initiation

18
Q
red currant jelly sputum/ bloody mucous 
dyspnoea 
chest pain 
fever, night sweats 
productive cough
A

empyema

19
Q

management of empyema

A

IV antibiotics - cefotaxime children
amoxicillin, vancomycin or metronidazole in adults
analgesia
Chest drain/thoracentesis

20
Q

management of acute epiglossitis

A

secure airway - refer to anesthetist
(endotracheal intubation)
oxygen & IV antibiotics

21
Q
rapid onset
high temperature, generally unwell
stridor
drooling of saliva
'tripod' position'/ leaning forward provides some relief
thumb sign on X-ray
A

acute epiglossitis

22
Q
stridor
barking cough (worse at night)
fever
coryzal symptoms
steeple sign
A

croup

23
Q

management of croup

A

single dose of oral dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg) to all children regardless of severity
prednisolone alternative

emergencies = high flow oxygen & nebulized adrenaline

24
Q

pneumonia as a result of contaminated air conditioning

A

legionella

25
Q

pneumonia as a result of HIV

A

pneumocystis

26
Q

pneumonia in alcoholics

A

klebsiella

27
Q

pneumonia in COPD exacerbation

A

haemophilus influenzas

28
Q

tuberculosis management

A

2/12: RIPE

R = red/orange pee
I = paresthesia/weakness 
P = pain 
E = eyes 

4/12: RI

29
Q

Pneumocystis management

A

clotrimazole