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Medicine (Y4) > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is first-line for newly diagnosed COPD?

A

SABA/SAMA

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2
Q

What is the second step in COPD management if SABA/SAMA not controlling COPD?

A

Add LABA + ICS (asthmatic features) OR

Add LABA + LAMA if no asthmatic features

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3
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

What is the most important piece of advice for reducing the risk of recurrent pneumothorax?

A

Stop smoking

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5
Q

What follow-up is recommended for patients with pneumonia?

A

CXR 6 weeks post-resolution

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6
Q

Anion-gap metabolic acidosis occurs due to…

A

Impaired H+ excretion

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7
Q

Metabolic acidosis without anion gap occurs due to…

A

Loss of HCO3 eg. vomiting

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8
Q

Give examples of LABA’s.

A

Salmeterol or Formoterol

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9
Q

Give an example of a SAMA.

A

Ipratropium

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10
Q

Give an example of a LAMA.

A

Tiotropium

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11
Q

Give features of a moderate asthma attack.

A

PEFR > 50% expected/best
Dyspnoea limiting activity
SpO2 > 92%
HR < 110

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12
Q

Give features of a severe asthma attack,

A 
PEF 33-50%
Dyspnoea at rest
Talks in words
RR > 30
HR > 110
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13
Q

Give features of a life-threatening asthma exacerbation

A 
PEF < 33%
SpO2 < 92%
Silent chest
Cyanosis
Arrythmia
Exhaustion
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14
Q

What is the management of an acute asthma attack?

A 
OSHITMAN
Oxygen
Salbutamol
Hydrocortisone
Ipratropium
Theophylline
Magnesium Sulphate
ANaesthetist
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15
Q

What is the asthma treatment ladder in adults?

A 
SABA
SABA + ICS
SABA + ICS + LABA
Consider increasing ICS dose or LTRA
Specialist
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16
Q

What is the asthma treatment ladder in children?

A 
SABA
SABA + Very low-dose ICS
SABA + Very low-dose ICS + LTRA if < 5 or LABA if > 5
Increasing ICS or LABA/LTRA
Specialist
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17
Q

Which ABG finding suggests near-fatal asthma?

A

Normal PCO2 (suggests exhaustion)

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18
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

Condition in which there is permanent dilation of the bronchi

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19
Q

What are the main treatment options for bronchiectasis?

A

Airway clearance techniques
Treating exacerbations
Pneumococcal vaccine

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19
Q

What are the main treatment options for bronchiectasis?

A

Airway clearance techniques
Treating exacerbations
Pneumococcal vaccine

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20
Q

What is the investigation of choice for bronchiectasis?

A

High-resolution CT

21
Q

Give causes of apical pulmonary fibrosis.

A

Silicosis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Ank Spon

22
Q

Give causes of basal pulmonary fibrosis.

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Autoimmune-related
Medication-related

23
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Anti-fibrotic medications like nintedanib and pirfenidone

24
Q

What is the management for pneumothorax < 2cm?

A

Discharge and advise

25
Q

What is the treatment for pneumothorax > 2cm?

A

Chest drain

26
Q

What is the treatment of choice for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Oral steroids

27
Q

What is the treatment of choice for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Oral steroids

28
Q

The severity of COPD is based on…

A

FEV1

29
Q

What follow-up should be given to all patients with pneumonia?

A

CXR 6 weeks after resolution

30
Q

What does CURB65 stand for?

A 
Confusion
Urea > 7
RR > 30
BP < 90/60
Age > 65
31
Q

What CURB65 score suggests mild-mod CAP?

A

0-2

32
Q

What CURB65 score suggests severe CAP?

A

3-5

33
Q

What is the treatment for mild-mod CAP?

A
  1. Amoxicillin 5/7

2. Doxycycline 5/7

34
Q

What is the treatment for severe CAP?

A

IV Co-amoxiclav and PO Doxycyline

35
Q

What is the treatment for HAP?

A

Non-severe - PO Amoxicillin 5/7

Severe - IV Amoxicillin & Gentamicin 7/7

36
Q

What is the treatment for aspiration pneumonia?

A

Non-severe - PO Amoxicillin and Metronidazole

Severe - IV Amox, Met & Gent

37
Q

Aspiration pneumonia is most likely to occur in which lobe?

A

R lower lobe

38
Q

What is the treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Erythromycin

39
Q

What is the gold-standard test for COPD?

A

Spirometry

40
Q

Which prophylactic antibiotic may be given in some patients with recurrent IE of COPD?

A

Azithromycin

41
Q

Whiteout with trachea deviated away suggests..

A

Pneumothorax/Pleural effusion

42
Q

Whiteout with trachea deviating towards it suggests…

A

Collapse

43
Q

What is the most common organism in pneumonia in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella

44
Q

TLCO is a measure of…

A

Gas transfer

45
Q

Pneumonia + lymphopaenia + hyponatraemia suggests…

A

Legionella

46
Q

What is the management for TB?

A

2RIPE4RI
2 months rifampicin, izoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol
Then 4 months rifampicin & isoniazid

47
Q

Which anti-tuberculous agent is associated with red/orange urine?

A

Rifampicin

48
Q

Which anti-tuberculous agent is associated with peripheral neuropathy?

A

Isoniazid

49
Q

Which anti-tuberculous agent is associated with joint pains?

A

Pyrazinamide

50
Q

Which anti-tuberculous agent is associated with visual loss?

A

Ethambutol

51
Q

Which type of pneumonia is associated with desaturation on exercise?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecci

Medicine (Y4) (13 decks)

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