Respiratory

Question 1

What is asthma?

Answer 1

an obstructive lung disease characterized by paroxysmal and reversible airway bronchoconstriction as a result of inflammation of the respiratory airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness

Question 2

What is the atopic triad?

Answer 2

asthma
allergic rhinitis
atopic eczema

Question 3

What hypersensitivity reaction occurs in asthma?

Answer 3

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Question 4

What cytokines do type 2 helper T cells produce? (3)

Answer 4

1. IL-4
2. IL-5
3. IL-13

Question 5

What does IL-4 do in asthma?

Answer 5

facilitates class switching to IgE

Question 6

What does IL-5 do is asthma?

Answer 6

facilitates release of eosinophils

Question 7

What does IL-13 do in asthma?

Answer 7

stimulated mucus production

Question 8

What happens during the first exposure to allergens in asthma?

Answer 8

induces sensitization of mast cells in which IgE binds to IgE receptors on the mast cells

Question 9

What happens during the second exposure to allergens in asthma?

Answer 9

1. degranulation of mast cells

2. produce cytokines and other inflammatory mediators such as histamine, prostaglandin D2

Question 10

How does the airway remodel in asthma? (5)

Answer 10

1. bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
2. bronchoconstriction
3. mucous gland hypertrophy
4. vasodilation
5. increased vascular permeability

Question 11

What are the clinical features of asthma? (4)

Answer 11

1. shortness of breath
2. chest tightness
3. wheezing
4. cough