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Organ Pathology Exam 2 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary disease is almost entirely

A

Environmental rather than genetic

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2
Q

major roles of the respiratory system are

A

Respiration and the exchange of gas

Depends on compliance of lungs and alveoli that are ventilated and perfused

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3
Q

What is the effect of ventilation perfusion defects

A

Alveoli not perfused = ventilatory “dead space”

Alveoli not ventilated= shunting non oxygenated blood to systemic circulation causing cyanosis

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4
Q

Mechanism of cyanosis:

A

Part that has enough vasculature but not enough oxygen

Alveoli are perfused bu not ventilated

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5
Q

Tco indicates

A

Gas exchange

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6
Q

vital capacity

A

Total volume of expired air after a maximum inspiration

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7
Q

FEV1

A

Volume of air forcefully expired in 1 seconds

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8
Q

What can cause respiratory failure

A

Ventilation (air in/out of alveoli) ,perfusion (circulatory), or gas exchange defects (interface between ventilation & perfusion)

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9
Q

What can cause airway diseases? Effect?

A

Atop your, smoking, infection, abnormal lung defense

Obstruction to airflow with consequence of corpulmonale

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10
Q

In airways diseases there’s ___ oxygen and ___ CO2 causing

A

Decreased oxygen
Increased CO2
Leads to pulmonary hypertension leading to cor pulmonale

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11
Q

Obstructive and restrictive lung disease both has decreased

A

FEV1

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12
Q

TCO is decreased in

A

Restrictive lung disease

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13
Q

Hyper reactivity of airways that causes bronco constriction

A

Asthma

Reversible because it is a functional status of the bronchi

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14
Q

Asthma can be triggered by

A

Intrinsic (cold, exercise, aspirin) or extrinsic (inhaled antigen)

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15
Q

Muscle spasm of bronchi

Mucosal inflammation

A

Asthma

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16
Q

Alpha 1 antitripin

A

Deficiency or inactivation by smoking causes COPD

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17
Q

Blue bloaters

A 
Bronchitis 
Infection is common 
Cor pulmonale
Increased airway resistance 
Fibrosis in late stages
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18
Q

Chronic bronchitis is not reversible because

A

Hard to undo fibrosis

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19
Q

Lost of elastic recoil of lungs, increase in size of the airspace in distal bronchiole

A

Emphysema

Dilation is due to loss of alveolar walls (holes)

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20
Q

Barrel chest in late phase of this disease

A

Emphysema

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21
Q

Which COPD has fibrosis

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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22
Q

Pink puffers

A

Emphysema

Low elastic recoil

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23
Q

Which COPD is associated with antitripsin

A

Emphysema

24
Q

Early and late stages of interstitial lung disease

A

Early: alveolitis
Late: fibrosis

25
Q

Site of injury of interstitial lung disease

A

Alveolar capillary interface

26
Q

Interstitial lung disease causes

A

Stiffness

27
Q

Hyaline Membranes

A

ARDS

DADS injury to epi or endo

28
Q

ARDS outcomes

A

Death or evolve to fibrosis if chronic

29
Q

Interstitial fibrosis of unknown cause is ___. A common sign is ____.

A

IDF
Lung structure replaced by dilated spaces
Finger clubbing

30
Q

What occurs if IDF is late in diseases

A

Honeycomb it patter - fibrotic full of holes

31
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is AKA _______ and includes which type of hypersensitivities?

A 
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis 
Type III (IC/ LB) and type IV (LT)
32
Q

Multi system granulomatous disorder commonly involving lungs

A

Sarcoidosis

33
Q

Sarcoidosis occurs from ____ and targets___

A

Exaggerated cellular immune response to an antigen/self antigen.
Targets mononuclear inflammatory cells and T helper lymphocytes

34
Q

Steps of sarcoidosis progression in lungs

A

Begins with alveolitis
Leading to granuloma
Leading to fibrosis

35
Q

Most common eye manifestation of sarcoidosis

A

Anterior uveitis

36
Q

What is Herefords syndrome? Where is it seen?

A

Associated with anterior uveitis
AKA uveoparotid fevers
* anterior uveitis + parotiditis + fever + CN7 palsy

37
Q

Herefordts
Lofgrens
Lupus pernio

A

Sarcoidosis

38
Q

What is lofgrens syndrome

A

Skin response from sarcoidosis

Hilar adenomapathy,+ joint pains+ erythema Nodosa + lung infiltrate

39
Q

Skin lesions seen in sarcoidosis and TB

A

Erythema Nodosa : painful red node under the skin

40
Q

What is lupus pernio

A

Blue purple swollen lensions on nose. Seen in sarcoidosis

41
Q

Diagnosis of sarcoidosis

A

Elevated ACE & CD4/CD8 ratio
Langhans cell
Schaumanns bodies (calcification)
Gallium 67: Lambda and panda sing

42
Q

Prognosis of sarcoidosis is good bc

A

It is self limited

43
Q

Lung disease caused by mineral dust exposure and causes scarring of lung tissue

A

Pneumoconiosis

44
Q

Most dangerous asbestosis is caused by

A

Straight firbers (amphibole)

45
Q

Coal exposure can cause

A

Anthracosis without symptoms or coal workers lung with massive fibrosis

46
Q

What can lead to transudate plural disease

A

Low oncotic pressure

And high hydrostatic pressure

47
Q

Pneumonia that happens when someone undergoes anesthesia

A

Aspiration pneumonia

48
Q

What pneumonia does not respond to antibiotics

A

Viral

49
Q

Microorganisms that cause viral pneumonia

A

Influenza A & B

50
Q

Ocular tuberculosis results from

A

Hemantogenous spread

Affecting chorio and uvea

51
Q

Typical location of lung for TB

A

Apices

52
Q

Miliary TB

A

Disseminated : immunosuppressed

Causes pneumonia

53
Q

Scleritis during TB can occur through

A

Topical spread

54
Q

Permanent dilatation of 1 or more of the large bronchi is called ___ and a result of ____.

A

Bronchiectasis a result of destruction of the elastic & muscular component of the bronchial wall following inflammation after infections. RESULTS IN ABSCESS

55
Q

Lung abscess is more common in ____ and results from

A

R lung resulting from tooth infection and pneumonia

Organ Pathology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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