Respirator Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Modificari structurale
A
  1. Perete toracic(complianta)
    Ventilatia asigurata de complianta:
    - cutiei toracice (scade)
    Rigidizare + Modificari geometrie
    Osteoporaza, calcificari coaste, discuri deshidr cu ingustare sp
    - parenchim (creste)
  2. Muschi respirator
    Scade forta prin:
    -nutritie
    -reducerea masei musc
    -reducere fibre de tip II
    -alterare jonctiuni
    -alterare metabolism
    -deneevare
    -sinteza scz lanturi grele miozina
    Diafragm afectat:
    -midificare de geometrie si crestere VR care aplatizeaza si scade forta de contractie
  3. Parenchim pulmonar
    Scade reculul elastic prin:
    -arnajament spatial fibre colagen
    -crestere colagen
    -scadere elastina
    -fibre de pseudoelastina

Creste diam ducte alveolare

Dilatatie si aplatizare alveole (omogena)

Cai mici: inchidere prematura

  1. Cai aeriene (obstructie)
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2
Q

Modificari functionale:

A

Creste VR
Scade CV
CPT constant

Scade VEMS

Creste volumul de inchidere
(Ingustare difuza a cailor mici + recul scazut) => gas trapping
Strategia puffing(zona de minima presiune se deplaseaza catre bronsiile mai mari)

VC mai mic cu FR mai mare
Raspuns la hipoxie mai mic
Tulburari ventilatorii de somn

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3
Q

Schimburi gazoase

A
  1. Accentuarea neuniformitatij rap Va/Q
  2. Dlco scade:
    -Va/Q
    -reducerea suprafetei alv
    -scaderea densitatii capilarelor
    -scaderea debitului sangvin
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4
Q

Modificari ale rasp imun

A

Scad cel epiteliale
Sacd eprod de mucus
Scade clearenceul muco ciliar

Creste cant anioni superoxizi cu persistenta inflamatieie cu activarea de enzime proteolitice, distrugere pereti si af schimb gazoase

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5
Q

Hiperreactivitatea bronsica la varstnici

A

Datorata disfunctiei receptorilor bronhoconstrictori

-spasm musculatura neteda bronsica
-edem
-infiltratie celulara
-congestia microcirculatiei
-hipercrinie cu discrinie

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6
Q

Adaptarea la efort

A

Ventilatia la efort cu travaliu respirator crescut, creste necesarul de oxigen
-rezerva ventilatorie diminuata

Limitarea se face prin dispnee

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