Respiraton Blood Skeleton Flashcards
What is the difference between breathing and respiration
Breathing is a physical action of taking air into the lungs whereas respiration is a chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose in cells
What are all the structures involved in breathing in the thorax
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, ribs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles
When you inhale
Your diaphragm and intercostal muscles contact the volume in the thorax increases and the pressure in your lungs decreases
When you exhale
Your diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax the space in the thorax decreases and the pressure in the thorax increases
Composition of air in inhaled air
20 % oxygen
0.04% carbon dioxide
79% nitrogen
Composition of air exhaled air
16% oxygen
4% carbon dioxide
79% nitrogen
Aerobic respiration word equation
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + energy + water
Anaerobic respiration
Glucose = lactic acid
Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
What does blood consist of
Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets
What does plasma contain
Dissolved substances
What are the adaptations of a red blood cell
Bioconcaved — increases surface area to absorb oxygen
No nucleus — more room for haemoglobin
Contains haemoglobin — which bonds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
Function of white blood cells
To protect from disease
Function of platelets
To help blood clot
Formula that connects cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
Cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate
CO= SV x HR
Why does heart rate increase with excersise
As the body moves, it requires more oxygen; hence the heart will have to meet the demand by pumping more blood, which increases the heart rate.
