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Anatomy Lab Exam 2 > Respiration System Anatomy Lab#4 > Flashcards

Respiration System Anatomy Lab#4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two broad divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting and Respiratory portions

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2
Q

Conducting portion of respiratory system

A

Functions to condition and transport air between the external atmosphere and the lungs.

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3
Q

Respiratory portion of the respiratory system

A

Where gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary interface actually occurs.

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4
Q

Primary entryway that air travels from the external environment

A

Nose (mouth is secondary)

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5
Q

Nasal conchae

A

Generates turbulance in the air flow and causes it to swirl around

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6
Q

Order that air passes through body

A
  1. Air passes through either nose (primary) or mouth (secondary). 2. Nasal Cavities (hairs) 3. Nasal conchae
  2. Nasopharynx 5. Oropharynx 6. Laryngopharynx 7. Larynx 8. Trachea 9. Primary Bronchi 10. Left and Right lung
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7
Q

Nasal Cavity location

A

Behind nose

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8
Q

Nasopharynx location

A

Behind nasal cavity

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9
Q

Oropharynx location

A

Under nasopharynx and behind mouth

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10
Q

Laryngopharynx location

A

Underneath the oropharynx and behind the epiglottis and larynx

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11
Q

Epiglottis location

A

It’s the food flap

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12
Q

Larynx location

A

Throughout area under the vocal cord, in the trachea : it consists of the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and vestibular fold

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13
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Large section covering the thyroid, above the

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14
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Right under the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Vestibular fold

A

Located above the vocal fold. in middle of thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

Vocal cord

A

Fold under the vestibular fold

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17
Q

Trachea location

A

Bumpy tube that air goes down

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18
Q

2 very important constants that exist in most tissues of the human body

A
  1. All tissues require O2 in order to generate ATP

2. These tissues generate CO2 as a waste product during ATP generation.

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19
Q

Gas exchange occurs where?

A

The internal surfaces of the lungs

Alveoli

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20
Q

Pulmonary ventilation is

A

the exchange of the CO2 rich/ O2 depleted gases in our lungs with O2 rich/ CO2 depleted air form the external atmosphere.

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21
Q

Alveolar gas exchange

A

Exchange of gases between the gases in our lungs and those gases in the blood

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22
Q

In order to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. Alveolar gas exchange
  3. These gases must be delivered to the peripheral tissues
  4. Gases need to be exchanged between the blood and peripheral tissues
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23
Q

Tracheal cartilage

A

Not fully closed rings around the trachea, which enables expansion

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24
Q

Carina location

A

Where the bronchi splits into the primary bronchi, at the base of the trachea

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25
Q

Primary bronchi

A

Two branches stemming from the trachea off of the carina

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26
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Stemming off from the primary bronchi, still somewhat large, getting closer to the smallest (tertiary bronchi)

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27
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A

Smallest branches of bronchi, branching off of the secondary bronchi

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28
Q

Primary spot for gas exchange

A

Alveolus

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29
Q

What is the respiratory membrane composed of? hint: multiple layers

A

Type 1 alveolar epithelial cells, acellular basement membrane, endothelium of the capillary bed that surrounds each alveolus

30
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A

Branches off from the tertiary bronchi, it holds the alveolar ducts.

31
Q

Alveolus

A

Where the primary gas exchange location is. each individual sac

32
Q

Lungs are situated where?

A

In the lateral portions of the thoracic cavity

33
Q

Two layers of serous membrane

A 
Visceral Pleura (lies directly on top of the lung)
Parietal Pleura (lines the thoracic cavity)
34
Q

The space that is between the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

Pleural cavity

35
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Contains a thin, slippery fluid know and pleural fluid

36
Q

Pleural fluid

A

Function is to allow the lungs to move within the pleura sac in a relatively frictionless environment.

37
Q

Which lung is smaller to accommodate to the positioning of the heart?

A

Left lung

38
Q

Left lung consists of 2 lobes. What are they?

A

Superior and inferior

39
Q

Right lung consists of 3 lobes. What are they?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

40
Q

Left lung is separated by one fissure. What is it?

A

Oblique fissure

41
Q

Right lung is separated by two fissures. What is it?

A

One horizontal fissure and one oblique fissure

42
Q

Describe how oxygen passes from the alveolar sac to the hemoglobin inside a erythrocyte.

A
  1. O2 must pass into and out of the alveolar epithelial cell (2 membrane bilayers) 2. diffuse through the basement membrane and then into and out of the endothelial cell (simple squamous epithelial tissue) that lines the blood capillary (2 membrane bilayers) 3. Crosses membrane of the erythocyte.
43
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is

A

Inferior and faces the diaphragm

44
Q

The costal surface is

A

Lateral, anterior, and posterior, and faces the rib cage

45
Q

The mediastinal surface is

A

Medial surface and basically facing the heart and trachea

46
Q

What is on the mediastinal surface?

A

Hilum

47
Q

Hilum is

A

the name given to the indented region of the lung where the primary bronchi and pulmonary arteries enter the lung, and the pulmonary veins exit the lung. Also a number of lymphatic vessels and nerves also enter here.

48
Q

Which fissure is higher on the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

49
Q

Where is the visceral pleura located

A

On the inside touching the lung

50
Q

Where is the parietal pleura located

A

On the outside, this one does not move. it lines the thoracic cavity

51
Q

What is the cardiac impression

A

Dip on the inside of the left lung where the heart sits

52
Q

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx need to withstand a certain amount of abrasion and are lined by what?

A

Non-keratinized and stratified squamous epithelium

53
Q

Remainder of conducting portion of the respiratory system is lined by?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium possessing many cilia extending from their surface

54
Q

What is scattered between the epithelial cells?

A

Goblet cells

55
Q

Goblet cells function

A

Produce mucous

56
Q

Function of mucous

A

Lines the epithelia of conducting airways and traps much of the dirt, debris, allergens, and pathogens before they can reach the alveoli

57
Q

Function of cilia of the pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

“Sweep” the debris-laden mucus up towards the esophagus where it can be swallowed

58
Q

Method of eliminating particulate matter is known as

A

Mucociliary Elevator

59
Q

Where would the primary bronchi be located on a cadaver

A

Where the chest is, under sternum

60
Q

What kind of tissue is the lung lined by?

A

Non-keritinized, stratified squamous epithelium

61
Q

What is the remainder of the conducting system of the lung lined by?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which includes cilia, and goblet cells-which produce mucus

62
Q

What happens to the diameter of the bronchi and amount of hyaline cartilage surrounding the bronchi as it travels further away from the lung?

A

It decreases

63
Q

Does the shape of the epithelial cells gradually transition from pseudostratified columnar to cuboidal (respiratory bronchioles) to simple squamous (within the alveoli)

A

Yes

64
Q

The three main types of cells within the alveolus

A

Alveolar macrophages, type 2 alveolar cells, type 1 alveolar epithelial cells

65
Q

Alveolar macrophages function

A

Clears debris and pathogens

66
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells function

A

Produce pulmonary surfactant

67
Q

Type 1 alveolar epithelial cells function

A

Participate primarily in gas exchange.

68
Q

What forms the respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs?

A

The simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus in conjunction with the basement membrane and endothelium of the lung capillary.

69
Q

What do alveolar macrophages look like under the microscope?

A

Large globs that are not attached to the type 1 or 2 cells

70
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

Thoracic cavity expands, and a negative pressure is created, air enters the lungs

Anatomy Lab Exam 2 (3 decks)

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