Respiration situation Flashcards
What is the term for the movement of air from the atmosphere through the upper and lower airways to the alveoli?
A) Ventilation
B) Respiration
C) Gas exchange
D) Alveolar capillary exchange
A) Ventilation
What is an example of an upper respiratory tract infection?
A) Bronchitis
B) Pneumonia
C) Pharyngitis
D) Bronchiectasis
C) Pharyngitis
A common cold, rhinitis, and sinusitis are also upper respiratory tract infections
Who should not receive benadryl or any other antihistamines?
A) Diabetics
B) Severe allergic reaction
C) Pts with closed-angle glaucoma
D) Expectant mothers
C) Closed-angle glaucome
How do nasal decongestants work?
A) Vascular constriction
B) Stimulate beta adrenergic receptors
C) Arterial dilation
D) Expectorant action
A) Nasal decongestants stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors to cause vascular constriction, which reduces congestion
What is an adverse effect of excessive nasal spray use?
A) Not enough blood flow to nasal passageway
B) Rebound nasal congestion
C) Decreased nasal secretions
B) If patients take nasal sprays too often or for a prolonged amount of time they can experience rebound nasal congestion. It appears similar to a nasal spray “addiction.”
What is an example of a systematic decongestant?
A) Benadryl
B) Guaifenesin
C) Ephedrine
D) Flonase
C) Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are systematic decongestants
Who should not take systematic decongestants? (Select all that apply)
A) Children under the age of 10
B) Patients with high blood pressure
C) Patients with diabetes
D) Women who breastfeed
E) A patient with hypothyroidism
F) A patient with cardiac disease
B, C, and F
Pts with HBP, hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, and diabetes should not take systematic decongestants such as pseudoephedrine
What are flonase and nasocort used to treat?
A) Nasal infection
B) Allergic rhinitis
C) Watery eyes
D) Upper respiratory tract infection
B) Intranasal glucocorticoids are given for allergic rhinitis
What should you tell a patient that is taking expectorant medications such as guaifenesin?
A) Don’t take with antidiuretics
B) Drink plenty of water
C) Take concurrently with phenobarbital
D) Do not take nasal corticoid medications
B) Drink plenty of water
Expectorants work by thinning the mucus and needs water to perform this action
What do leukotriene modifiers do?
A) Reduce inflammation
B) Prevent infection of nasal passages
C) Treat airway infections
D) Reduce lung inflammation
D) Leukotriene modifiers reduce lung tissue inflammation
What does a sympathomimetic do?
A) Cause bronchospasm
B) Dilate larynx and oropharynx
C) Act as a beta antagonist in the lung
D) Dilate bronchioles
D) Sympathomimetics dilate bronchioles, not the larynx or oropharynx. They act as a alpha and beta agonist, not antagonist.
What is Theophylline?
A) A xanthine derivative
B) A cholinergic
C) A beta antagonist
D) An alpha antagonist
A) Theophylline is a xanthine derivative
What is the therapeutic range for theophylline?
A) 1-2 ug/ml
B) 10-20 ug/ml
C) 100-200 ug/ml
B) 10-20 ug/ml is the therapeutic range for theophylline. Toxicity occurs at levels above 20 ug/ml.
Theophylline’s 1/2 life is longer in which groups?
smokers and children
What kind of medication is singulair?
A) Nasal decongestant
B) H-1 receptor blocker
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Leukotriene receptor antagonist
D) Singulair is a leukotriene receptor antagonist
