Respiration + photosynthesis Flashcards
Where does Glycolysis occur
Cytosol
Where does citric acid cycle occur
mitochodrial matrix
Where does Electron transport chain occur
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitochondria size
1-10 microns
mitochondria membranes
2 bilayered membranes
inner membrane has folds (cristae)
Outer membrane
Space between cristae
is called matrix
Space between membranes
inter membrane space
Glycolisis
Produce energy in the form of ATP
1 glucose broken into. 2 pyruvate molecules
2 ATP produced per glucose
NADH gains electrons
Citric acid cycle
2 pyruvate converted to 2 acetyl CoA, output ATP, NADH, FADH2
NADH, FADH₂ go to the electron transport chain
Pyruvate
3C
Glucose
6C
Oxidative phosphorylation - electron transport chain
electrons from NADH and FADH₂ power a series of protein complexes that pump hydrogen ions (H⁺) into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor and combines with electrons and hydrogen to form water.
cheiosmosis
Chemiosmosis is the movement of hydrogen ions (H⁺) back into the mitochondrial matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase. The energy from this flow drives the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. It’s the final step of cellular respiration and produces most of the cell’s ATP.
Protoplasm
All of the cell except the membrane
Thylokoid
3 membranes
Stacks of grana
Cell wall
Primary cell wall
Seconday cell wall - lamella outer layer
Protection and structure
Primary cell wall
Crystalline microfibrillar phase - cellulose (25-30%)
Non crystalline matrix - hemicellulose (15-25%
Pectin (35%)
Network of extensin (5-!)%)
Primary cell wall synthesis
Matrix - golgi
Extensin - ER
Cellulose - cellulose snthasase rosettes
Secondary cell wall
Stronger
More cellulose
Less pectin
Lignin (15-30%)
Plasmodesmata
Holes in the cell wall that allows for small molecules to pass through
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + ATP + O2
Where does the light reaction occur
The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
Light reaction
Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which helps split water into oxygen, protons, and electrons. The energy is used to produce ATP and NADPH, which are sent to the Calvin cycle
Where does the Dark reaction occur
In the stroma of the chloroplast
