Respiration Oxygen Transport DO NOT UNDERSTAND AT ALL

Question 1

Anaerobic metabolism is __X more efficent than anaerobic

Answer 1

18x

Question 2

Aerobic metabolism requires _______ & produces _________

Answer 2

Requires oxygen

Produces CO2

Question 3

Diffusion

= ammount of substance diffusing per unit time depends on:

Answer 3

• concentration
• distance
• surface area
• permeability

Question 4

What are respiratory pigments?

Answer 4

Proteins that contain one or more transition metal ions, that bind oxygen. May be contained within cells or free in solution in blood or coelomic fluid

Question 5

Name as many resperitory pigments as you can

Answer 5

Fe

• haemoglobin (vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, etc)
• myoglobin (vertebrates)
• chlorocruorin (polychaete worms)
• erythrocruorin (annelid worms)
• haemerythrin (nematode & sipunculid worms)
• myohaemerythrin

Cu

-haemocyanin (molluscs, arthropods)

These proteins may contain just one or many subunits

Question 6

Haemoglobin is a tetrameric respiratory pigment containing iron. The presence of haemoglobin in our blood increases oxygen carrying capacity at least __ times. The protein obstructs tight binding of O2 to Fe,

Answer 6

60 times

Question 7

Haemoglobin oxygen dissociation:

The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen depends on a number of factors. Most important of these is the oxygen concentration (PO2).

Release of O2 by Hb at low PO2 delivers O2 to tissues.

Answer 7

“Make sure you understand this”

Question 8

Tissues that are working harder during excercise have a lower PO2

are actually going to get get more oxygen released from the Hemoglobin compared with tissues that have a higher PO2 that are not working as hard.

Question 9

• At low oxygen concentrations its relitively hard for the first oxygen to bind to the first group in the ‘tetremeric protein’ (4 N groups)
• Need to increase oxygen concentration my a reasonable amount, in order for that first O2 to bind
• Once first 02 binds, it makes it easier for subsequent oxygens to bing
• Happens because of ____________ between the four sub units of the hemoglobin molecule.

Answer 9

A. Cooperativity

Question 10

When the oxygen binds, the structure of the hemoglobin structure changes, and that structual change in the first group when the first O2 binds then creates pressure on other sub units in that tet protein which frees up the heem group a bit and allows O2 to bind more easily to those subsequent second or forth groups.

Question 11

Human foetal haemoglobin has a ______ affinity that that of its mother - The foetus steals O2 for its own use. Foetal Hb production is switched off around birth.

Answer 11

-Higher