Respiration mechanics (2) Flashcards
What is residual volume?
minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a maximal expiration (1200ml)
What is Total lung capacity?
The maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold (5700ml)
What is vital capacity?
The maximum volume that can be expelled from the lungs during a single breath following max inspiration (4500ml)
What is the primary determinant of airway resistance?
Radius of the conducting airway
What causes bronchoconstriction?
Parasympathetic stimulation
What causes bronchodilaton?
Sympathetic stimulation
What is dynamic airway compression and who does it effect?
It makes active expiration more difficult. The rising pleural pressure during active expiration compresses the alveoli and airway. Someone with airway obstruction is effected the driving pressure between the alveolus and airway is lost over the obstructed segment.
What is the function of a peak flow meter?
Gives an estimate of peak flow rate to asses airway function
What is pulmonary compliance?
Measure of effort that has to go into stretching or distending the lungs
What causes a decrease of pulmonary compliance?
Lung collapse, pneumonia, absence of surfactant
What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
- pectoralis major and minor
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalene
what is tidal volume?
volume if air moved in and out of the lungs in one breath (500ml)
what is Inspiratory reserved volume?
Extra volume that can be inspired over and above the resting tidal volume (3000ml)
What is inspiratory capacity?
tidal volume + inspiratory reserved volume - the maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration
what is expiratory reserve volume?
extra volume of air that can be actively expired by maximum contraction behind normal tidal volume (1000ml)
