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Q2 Physio FINAL > Respiration intro > Flashcards

Respiration intro Flashcards

1
Q

External Respiration is?

A

gas exchange b/w external air ->
lungs ->
blood ->
tissues

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2
Q

Ventilation is?

A

convective mvmt of air into alveoli

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3
Q

Gas transfer (O2/CO2 ) in External Respiration occurs b/w?

A

alveoli and cells

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4
Q

In External Respiration, gas TRANSFER (O2/CO2) is through what mechanism?

A

Diffusion:
b/w alveoli and blood
b/w blood and tissue

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5
Q

In External Respiration, gas TRANSPORTATION by the blood is through what mechanism?

A

convection

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6
Q

Internal Respiration is?

A

intracellular metabolism
consumes O2
produces CO2

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7
Q

Alveoli are?

Do what?

A

small terminal sacs

site of gas exchange

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8
Q

Airway Path?

How many branchings?

A 
nasal/oral cavities ->
pharynx ->
larynx ->
trachea ->
bronchi ->
bronchioles ->
alveoli

23 branchings

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9
Q

Conducting Zone is?

A

anatomical dead space:
made of 1st 16 branchings
(trachea to terminal bronchioles)

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10
Q

Respiratory Zone is?

A

gas exchange zone:
alveolar ventilation volume
branches 17-23
(respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs)

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11
Q

Bronchi anatomy?

A 
2mm
cartilage
smooth mm
submucosal gland
pulmonary artery
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12
Q

Cartilage in bronchi affects diameter how?

A

rigid so doesn’t ∆ w/ lung volume

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13
Q

Bronchiole anatomy?

A

0.2mm
smooth mm
pulmonary artery
embedded in CT framework of lungs

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14
Q

θ cartilage in bronchioles affects diameter how?

A

diameter dependent on lung vol

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15
Q

Smooth mm of bronchi and bronchioles controlled by?

A

ANS (autonomic)

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16
Q

SNS control of smooth mm in bronch:
receptors?
action?

A

β2 receptor

airway dilation

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17
Q

PNS control of smooth mm in bronch:
receptors?
action?

A

M receptor

airway constriction

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18
Q

Terminal Respiratory Unit (acinus) is?

A

small airways and alveoli served by terminal bronchiole,

each TRU has 2000 alveoli

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19
Q

Respiratory bronchioles have wall that contain?

A

some alveoli

20
Q

Alveolar ducts have wall that contain?

A

made entirely of alveoli

21
Q

Trachea:
Cilia?
Smooth mm?
Cartilage?

A

yes

yes

yes

22
Q

Bronchi:
Cilia?
Smooth mm?
Cartilage?

A

yes

yes

some

23
Q

Bronchioles:
Cilia?
Smooth mm?
Cartilage?

A

yes

yes

no

24
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles:
Cilia?
Smooth mm?
Cartilage?

A

some

some

no

25
Q

Alveoli:
Cilia?
Smooth mm?
Cartilage?

A

no

no

no

26
Q

Alveoli vasculature?

A

surrounded by pulmonary capillaries

in continuous sheet

27
Q

Entire cardiac output goes to?

A

pulmonary artery ->

lungs

28
Q

Pulmonary circulation pressure is?

A

low

20 cm H2O for 6L/min

29
Q

Cytoplasmic diffusion distance thru pulmonary capillary is?

A

0.3 microns

30
Q

Layers of blood-gas barrier b/w alveoli and pulmonary capillary? (3)

A

1) alveolar epithelium (type I cell)
2) interstitial fluid
3) capillary endothelium

31
Q

Non-Respiratory Fxn of Lungs?

A

1) Acid/Base control

2) Metabolic fxns

32
Q

Blood Acid/Base status controlled by?

A

CO2 and bicarbonate

33
Q

Blood bicarbonate regulated by?

A

kidney

34
Q

Blood CO2 regulated by?

How?

A

lungs

hyper or hypoventilation
short term control

35
Q

Hyperventilation is?

A

↑ Valv
lower PaCO2 = less acid

alv = alveolar
a = arterioles
36
Q

Hypoventilation is?

A

↓ Valv

higher PaCo2 = more acid

37
Q

Metabolic Fxns of lungs?

A

modify blood-borne material before return to circulation

38
Q

What metabolic modifications are processed by the lungs? (4)

A

1) angiotensin converting enz (ang I to ang II)
2) activation of bradykinin, prostaglandins
3) seratonin uptake and storage
4) release IgA

39
Q

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)?

A

ratio of Vco2 to Vo2

40
Q

Respiratory Quotient (RQ)?

A

same thing as RER

41
Q

RER for fats?

A

0.7

42
Q

RER for protein or mixed fat/carb?

A
  1. 8*

* assume this value if none given

43
Q

RER for carbs?

A

1.0

44
Q

Dalton’s Partial Pressures (of Inspired Air)?

A

Px = (Pb - Ph2o) Fx

Px = pressure of gas X in mmHg
Pb = barometric pressure (760 mmHg)
Ph2o = water vapor pressure at 37C (47mmHg)
Fx = fractional [gas X] (0.21 for O2)
45
Q

Boyle’s Law?

A

P1/P2 = V2/V1

P and V inversely related

46
Q

Anatomical Dead Space is?

A

volume of inhaled air that does not take part in gas exchange:
remains in conducting airways,
or reaches unperfused alveoli

47
Q

Symbols for Respiratory Physio:

C =

F =

Q =

R =

S =

V =

A

C = [gas] in blood

F = fractional concentration (%)

Q = vol of blood

R = respiratory exchange ratio

S = saturation of Hb w/ O2 (%)

V = vol of gas

Q2 Physio FINAL (9 decks)

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