Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY 11th > Respiration in humans > Flashcards

Respiration in humans Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Exchange of gases take place through simple diffusion in?

A

Sponges, Coelenterates and Flatworms and Earthworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRACHEAL TUBES ARE PRESENT IN?

A

INSECTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

INVERTIBRATE THAT RESPIRE THROUGH GILLS

A

AQUATIC ARTHROPODS AND MOLUSCS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

AMPHIBIANS,REPTILES AND BIRDS RESPIRE THROUGH?

A

LUNGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RESPIRATION THROUGH MOIST SKIN IS CALLED

A

CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CUTANEOUS RESPIRATION OCCURS IN?

A

FROG AND EARTHWORMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SOUND BOX IS?

A

LARYNX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHICH PORTION IS COMMON FOR FOOD AND AIR?

A

PHYARYNX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TRACHEA IS A STRAIGHT TUBE EXTENDING UPTO _____________ CAVITY

A

MID THORACIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AT WHICH VERTEBRA TRACHEA DIVIDES?

A

5TH THORACIC VERTEBRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

JUST FLIP IT

A

THRACHEA DIVIDES AT 5TH TORACIC VERTEBRA INTO right and left primary bronchi. Each bronchi
undergoes repeated divisions to form the secondary and tertiary bronchi
and bronchioles ending up in very thin terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BRONCHIOLES AND ALL KIND OF BROMCHI ARE SUPPORTED AT THE WALLS BY

A

incomplete cartilaginous rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

terminal bronchioles gives rise to

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the conducting part of the respiratory system

A

external nostrils to terminal bronchiols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system

A

alveoli and its ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

functions of cunducting part of the respiratory system

A 
#The conducting part transports the atmospheric air to the alveoli, 
#clears it from foreign particles, 
#humidifies and also 
#brings the air to body
temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

functions of exchange of the respiratory system

A

Exchange part is the site of actual diffusion of O2
and CO2
between blood and atmospheric air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what forms thoracic chamber

A

The thoracic chamber is formed dorsally by the
vertebral column, ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the ribs and on
the lower side by the dome-shaped diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lungs are coverd by ?

A

double layered pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is b/w the two pleura and what is its function

A

pleural fluid—-reduces friction on lungs surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

steps pf respiration

A 
Respiration involves the following steps:
(i) Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air
is drawn in and CO2
 rich alveolar air is released out.
(ii) Diffusion of gases (O2
 and CO2
) across alveolar membrane.
(iii) Transport of gases by the blood.
(iv) Diffusion of O2
 and CO2
 between blood and tissues.
(v) Utilisation of O2
 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant
release of CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

simple principal involved in inspirationa and expiration?

A

Inspiration
can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is
less than the atmospheric pressure……
expiration takes
place when the intra-pulmonary pressure is higher than the atmospheric
pressur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what helps in formation in pressure gradient?

A

diaphragm and a specialised set of muscles – external and

internal intercostals between the ribs,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Explain inspiration(full)

A

cont.of diaphragm————thoracic volume increases in ANTERO POSTERIOR AXIS———cont. of external intercoastal muscle———lifts up ribs and sternum ———–inc.in volume of thoracic chanber in DORSO VENTRAL AXIS.———INC. IN PULMONARY VOLUME——dec. in pressure leds to air in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

explain expiration(full)

A

relaxation of diaphragm and inter coastal muscles ———normal position——-reduces thoracic volume——–thereby pulmonary volume reduces—-inc in pressure causes expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which increases

the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which increases

the volume of thoracic chamber in dorso-ventral axis

A

external inter-costal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

On an
average, a healthy human breathes ————
times/minute

A

12-16

times/minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The volume of air involved in
breathing movements can be estimated by
using which instrument

A

spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tidal Volume (TV

A

Volume of air inspired or
expired during a normal respiration. It is
approx. 500 mL., i.e., a healthy man can
inspire or expire approximately 6000 to 8000
mL of air per minute.

31
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):

A

Additional volume of air, a person can inspire
by a forcible inspiration. This averages 2500
mL to 3000 mL.

32
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):

A

Additional volume of air, a person can expire
by a forcible expiration. This averages 1000
mL to 1100 mL

33
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

Volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a

forcible expiration. This averages 1100 mL to 1200 mL

34
Q

Tidal Volume (TV) (in numbers)

A

6000 to 8000

mL of air per minute

35
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)(in numbers)

A

This averages 2500

mL to 3000 mL

36
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):(in numbers)

A

This averages 1000

mL to 1100 mL

37
Q

Residual Volume (RV):

A

This averages 1100 mL to 1200 mL.

38
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

A

This includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve

volume ( TV+IRV)=

39
Q

Expiratory Capacity (EC)

A

(TV+ERV).This includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve

volume

40
Q

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):

A

Volume of air that will remain in

the lungs after a normal expiration This includes ERV+RV.

41
Q

Vital lung Capacity (VC)

A

The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in
after a forced expiration. This includes ERV, TV and IRV or the maximum
volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration

42
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at
the end of a forced inspiration. This includes RV, ERV, TV and IRV or
vital capacity + residual volume.

43
Q

factors that can affect the

rate of diffusion of air in exchange part

A

Solubility of the gases

thickness of the membranes

44
Q

partial pressure of co2 and O2 in alveoli

A

co2=40 O2=104

45
Q

partial pressure of co2 and O2 in systemic veins (deoxy)

A

co2=45 o2=40

46
Q

partial pressure of co2 and O2 in systemic arteries(oxy)

A

co2=40 o2 =95

47
Q

partial pressure of co2 and O2 in tissue

A

co2=45 o2=40

48
Q

which gas diffuse faster through diffusion membrane in respiration and why

A

CO2 because the solubility of CO2
is
20-25 times higher than that of O2

49
Q

diffusion membrane at alveoli are

A 
\++three major layers namely++
# thin squamous epithelium of alveoli, 
#the endothelium of alveolar capillaries
#and the basement substance in between them
50
Q

how o2 is transported

A

97% in RBC as oxyhaemoglobin and 3% dissolved in plasma

51
Q

how co2 is transported

A

20-25% by RBCs 70% as bicarbonate 7% as dissolved in plasma

52
Q

oxygen bind with heamoglobin in what form

A

oxyheqmoglobin

53
Q

how many o2 molecules can 1 molecule of heamoglobin carry

A

4

54
Q

factors affecting binding of o2

A

partial pressure of O2
. Partial pressure of CO2
, hydrogen ion
concentration and temperature

55
Q

condition favourable for the formation of

oxyhaemoglobin

A 
In the alveoli, where there
is high pO2
, low pCO2
, lesser H+
 concentration
and lower temperature
56
Q

condition favourable for the dissociation of

oxyhaemoglobin

A

e low pO2
, high pCO2
, high H+
concentration and higher temperature

57
Q

Every 100 ml of
oxygenated blood can deliver around________ml of
O2
to the tissues

A

5ml

58
Q

In what formCO2

is carried by haemoglobin

A

carbamino-haemoglobin

59
Q

formation of carbamino-haemoglobin occurs at

A

tissue

60
Q

why there is more H+ conc. at tissue site of diffusion

A

CO2
diffuses into blood
from tissue and forms HCO3–
and H+

61
Q

Every 100 ml of deoxygenated
blood delivers approximately_____ ml of CO2
to the alveoli.

A

4ml

62
Q

which centre maintain and regulate the respiratory rhythm

A

medulla region

of the brain called }{respiratory rhythm}] centre

63
Q

WHERE IS respiratory rythm centre present

A

medulla region

64
Q

which centre can moderate the functions of respiratory rythm centre

A

pneumotaxic centre

65
Q

pneumotaxic centre present at

A

pons region

66
Q

flip to learn more

A

A chemosensitive area
is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO2
and hydrogen ions. Increase in these substances can activate this centre,
which in turn can signal the rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments
in the respiratory process by which these substances can be eliminated.

. The role of oxygen in the regulation of
respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.

67
Q

flip

A

Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognise
changes in CO2
and H+
concentration and send necessary signals to the
rhythm centre for remedial actions

68
Q

what happens in asthma

A

inflammation

of bronchi and bronchioles

69
Q

symptoms of asthma

A

difficulty in breathing causing wheezing

70
Q

major cause of EMPHYSEMA

A

cigarette smoking

71
Q

CIGARETTE SMOKING CAUSES

A

Emphysema

72
Q

WHAT HAPPNENS IN EMPHYSEMA

A

chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged

due to which respiratory surface is decreased

73
Q

WHAT DAMAGE OCCURS IN OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

A

inflammation leading to fibrosis

(proliferation of fibrous tissues

BIOLOGY 11th (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions