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Biology, term 1 form 4 > Respiration/ Gaseous exchange/ Smoking > Flashcards

Respiration/ Gaseous exchange/ Smoking Flashcards

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1
Q

what is respiration?

A

respiration is the liberation of energy from food by all living cells

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2
Q

two types of respiration?

A

aerobic and anaerobic

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3
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

aerobic respiration is the liberation of energy from food using oxygen

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4
Q

where does respiration occur?

A

in the mitochondrion of cells

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4
Q

formula for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen = carbondioxide + water + ATP
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP

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5
Q

what are mitochondrion known as

A

the powerhouses of cells

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6
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

aerobic respiration is the liberation of energy from food without using oxygen

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6
Q

formula for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose = lactic acid + ATP
C₆H₁₂O₆ =- 2C₃H₆O₃ + 2 ATP

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6
Q

what is the name for anaerobic respiration yeasts carry out?

A

fermentation

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7
Q

formula for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

glucose = carbondioxide + ethanol + ATP
C₆H₁₂O₆ = 2CO₂ +2C₂H₅OH + 2 ATP

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8
Q

differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A
  1. Aerobic using oxygen anaerobic does not
  2. Water and carbon dioxide are waste products in aerobic whereas lactic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide are waste products in anaerobic
  3. large amounts of energy is produced aerobically whereas small amounts is produced anaerobically
  4. Aerobic occurs in the mitochondrion anaerobic occurs in the cytoplasm
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9
Q

why do humans sometimes respire anaerobically/

A

During strenuous exercise when the oxygen supply to the muscle cells become to low for the demands of aerobic respiration, the cells begin to respire anaerobically.

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10
Q

formula for anaerobic respiration in humans/

A

glucose = lactic acid + energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ = 2C₃H₆O₃ + 2 ATP

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11
Q

advantages of using nd storing energy (ATP)

A
  1. The energy is released from ATP wherever and whenever needed by a cell
  2. The energy can be released rapidly
  3. Energy is not wasted
  4. The energy can be used to drive many chemical reactions
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12
Q

Breakdown of how aerobic respiration occurs?

A

Respiration occurs in a series of steps, which are catalysed by enzymes. The process can be summarized in the equation
glucose + oxygen = carbondioxide + water + ATP
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
During aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down completely into CO2 and H2O. At each step in the breakdown of glucose, energy is released. This is used to convert a chemical called adenosine diphosphate ADP into adenosine triphosphate ATP. Each molecule of ATP acts as a little packet of energy. The energy can be stored and used later when needed

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13
Q

why do our cells need oxygen to stay alive?

A

Cells need oxygen for the efficient use of glucose in cellular respiration.

13
Q

why do our muscles lack oxygen when you do strenuous exercise?

A

because the blood cannot take oxygen fast enough to the cells for aerobic respiration to occur.

14
Q

what is oxygen debt?

A

a temporary shortage of oxygen

15
Q

where does gaseous exchange take place in a fish

A

lamellae

16
Q

what is the important product of respiration and what are the waste products?

A

energy is the important product and carbon dioxide and water are the waste products

17
Q

give two examples of organisms that respire aerobically and anaerobically

A

humans and birds respire aerobically and tapeworms and yeast respire anaerobically

18
Q

what is gaseous exchange?

A

gaseous exchange is the exchange of gases across a respiratory surface

19
Q

what is breathing?

A

breathing is the process by which oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is expelled

20
Q

where does gaseous exchange take place in humans?

A

in the lungs

21
Q

identify four characteristics that gaseous exchange surfaces have in common

A
  1. Is moist
    2.Large surface area
  2. Thin
  3. has a very good blood supply or transport system
22
Q

name 3 effects of smoking?

A

bronchitis, lung cancer and emphysema

23
Q

what is bronchitis?

A
24
Q

what is emphysema?

A
25
Q

explain how cancer works

A

Biology, term 1 form 4 (2 decks)

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