Respiration and gas exchange Flashcards
Define respiration
Respiration is the process of transferring energy form glucose, which happens in every cell
What is ATP?
Chemical present in all cells which acts as an energy “currency”. It’s made by respiration and used up by any process that needs a supply of energy.
What is aerobic respiration?
A reaction that releases energy from food. It uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.
What is anaerobic respiration?
A reaction that releases energy form food, without using oxygen. It produces lactate in mammals, co2 and ethanol in yeast.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water ( + energy )
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Glucose -> ethanol + CO2 (+energy)
What can you use to show that living organisms produce CO2 ?
Hydrogen-carbonate indicator
Explain what happens when you breathe in
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
Thorax volume increases
Pressure decreases so air is drawn in
Intercostal muscles pull the ribcage and sternum up and out
Explain what happens when you breathe out
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
The thorax volume decreases
The pressure increases and air is forced out
Ribcage and sternum pull down and in
The horse continues to breathe faster and deeper for a period of time after it has stopped running because… [2]
To supply (more) oxygen / there was a shortage of oxygen; [1 mark]
To allow the breakdown of / remove lactic acid; [1 mark]
To repay oxygen debt; [1 mark]
Because anaerobic respiration had occurred; [1 mark]
