Respiration and Exercise Flashcards
Adaptation of mitochondrion?
Folded inner membrane gives large surface area where enzymes that catalyse cellular respiration are found - increases rate of respiration
What does the number of mitochondria in a cell show?
How active the cell is
What is energy released in respiration used for? (3)
Carrying out basic functions e.g. synthesis (building/creation) reactions such as amino acids; muscle contraction; body temperature conservation (mammals and birds ONLY)
What are muscles made up of?
Muscle fibres, made from protein fibres, made from amino acids
How do muscles cause movement?
They contract and relax allowing other muscles to work
How and why is glucose stored in muscles?
Glycogen - can be converted rapidly to glucose
What happens in muscles during exercise? (2)
Muscles contract harder and faster, need more glucose; produce more carbon dioxide
What happens in the body during exercise? (3)
Heart rate increases, arteries widen (dilate), breathing rate increases with breath depth
Benefits of exercise?
Heart and lungs grow and become more efficient
Difference between rate and depth of breathing?
Rate is how many breaths taken in a given time; depth is how much air is taken in with each breath
Difference between breathing rate and rate of respiration?
Breathing rate is how much air is taken in by the body as a whole - respiration rate is how much glucose your cells convert to energy in a given time
Anaerobic respiration is more or less efficient than aerobic?
Less because glucose molecules aren’t completely broken down. Less energy is released.
Define oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water
Why do muscles respire anaerobically?
When muscles become fatigued they don’t contract efficiently, so they respire anaerobically when they don’t have enough oxygen
