Respiration and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptation of mitochondrion?

A

Folded inner membrane gives large surface area where enzymes that catalyse cellular respiration are found - increases rate of respiration

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2
Q

What does the number of mitochondria in a cell show?

A

How active the cell is

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3
Q

What is energy released in respiration used for? (3)

A

Carrying out basic functions e.g. synthesis (building/creation) reactions such as amino acids; muscle contraction; body temperature conservation (mammals and birds ONLY)

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4
Q

What are muscles made up of?

A

Muscle fibres, made from protein fibres, made from amino acids

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5
Q

How do muscles cause movement?

A

They contract and relax allowing other muscles to work

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6
Q

How and why is glucose stored in muscles?

A

Glycogen - can be converted rapidly to glucose

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7
Q

What happens in muscles during exercise? (2)

A

Muscles contract harder and faster, need more glucose; produce more carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What happens in the body during exercise? (3)

A

Heart rate increases, arteries widen (dilate), breathing rate increases with breath depth

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9
Q

Benefits of exercise?

A

Heart and lungs grow and become more efficient

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10
Q

Difference between rate and depth of breathing?

A

Rate is how many breaths taken in a given time; depth is how much air is taken in with each breath

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11
Q

Difference between breathing rate and rate of respiration?

A

Breathing rate is how much air is taken in by the body as a whole - respiration rate is how much glucose your cells convert to energy in a given time

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12
Q

Anaerobic respiration is more or less efficient than aerobic?

A

Less because glucose molecules aren’t completely broken down. Less energy is released.

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13
Q

Define oxygen debt?

A

The amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water

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14
Q

Why do muscles respire anaerobically?

A

When muscles become fatigued they don’t contract efficiently, so they respire anaerobically when they don’t have enough oxygen

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