Respiration and enzymes Flashcards
What is the word equation for Aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is the balanced chemical equation for Aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is ATP?
Energy is created in this form
What is respiration?
The process used to create energy from glucose in the form ATP
What does the bloodstream do?
Transports glucose and oxygen to the cells and takes by-products away
What is one of the main reasons our bodies need food?
For glucose, which is used to create energy through respiration
Is respiration a physical reaction?
No - is a chemical reaction
What can the rate of respiration be affected by?
Availability of oxygen (reactant)
Temperature & pH (enzymes)
Availability of substrates (glucose)
How can we measure the rate of carbon dioxide produced?
Do the volume of CO2 divided by the time taken
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Where does anaerobic respiration occur?
Cytoplasm
When is anaerobic respiration used?
When there is an oxygen deficit
What is a product of anaerobic respiration that causes aches?
Lactic acid
What is a conclusion paragraphs spilt into?
Description (of data)
Explanation (of why data has occurred)
What are enzymes made from?
Proteins
What are substrates made from?
Glucose
What is the name of the place on enzymes where substrates bind to?
Active site
What is created when substrates bond to the active site?
Enzyme-substrate complex
What happens after substrate binds to active site?
Substrates is broken down into products. Enzyme can be re-used
What happens when enzymes go past their optimal temperature?
They permanently denature and don’t bind with substrates well as they change shape
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts
How is lactic acid removed during recovery?
Aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver
True or false: aerobic respiration produces three times as much carbon dioxide as an aerobic respiration from one molecule of glucose?
True
What do anaerobic and aerobic respiration do?
They break down glucose and produce energy
How many molecules of oxygen are required for the anaerobic respiration of three molecules of glucose?
18
What controls the speed of chemical reactions in all living cells?
Enzymes
At which temperature do most enzymes from the human body become completely denatured?
65°C
What analogy can be used to describe how enzymes and substrates work together?
The lock and key theory
What factors can affect the rate of reaction?
Temperature
pH
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
glucose → lactic acid + energy released
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy released
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Water
What is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Starch is digested by analyse in the mouth, but it is not digested in the stomach. Why is this?
Because the pH in the stomach is not suitable for the analyse to work
What experiments can be done to test the effect of temperature on enzymes?
Investigating the effect of temperature on the activity of lipase/trypsin
What experiments can be done to test the effect of pH on enzymes?
The effect of pH on the activity of Trypsin
Which type of respiration produces more energy?
Aerobic respiration
