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Trauma > Respiration and Chest Trauma > Flashcards

Respiration and Chest Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Part of the chest where the trachea, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins are located.

A

Hilum

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2
Q

Blood vessels of the chest

A

Great vessels

Pulmonary arteries

Intercostal vessels

Internal Mammary artery

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3
Q

The two components of chest physiology that are most likely to be impacted by injury are

A

Breathing and circulation

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4
Q

Lethal disruption of heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart at a critical time during the cycle of the heart beat causing cardiac arrest

A

Commotio Cordis

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5
Q

Injury is present in up to 20% of severe chest injuries

A

Pneumothorax

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6
Q

Different types of Pneumothorax

A

Simple

Open

Tension

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7
Q

Pneumothorax

Presence of air within the pleural space

A

Simple Pneumothorax

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8
Q

Pneumothorax

Also called, “Sucking Chest Wound”

A

Open Pneumothorax

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9
Q

Pneumothorax

Occurs when air continues to enter the pleural space but has no avenue for egress.

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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10
Q

1) Chest pain
2) Dyspnea
3) Tachycardia
4) Decreased breath sounds on affected side
5) Wound may make audible sucking sounds during inspiration

A

Simple Pneumothorax

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11
Q 
(1 Dyspnea
(2 Sudden sharp pain
(3 Subcutaneous Emphysema
(4 Decreased lung sounds on affected side
(5 Red Bubbles on Exhalation from wound
A

Open Pneumothorax

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12
Q

The introduction of a needle or catheter into the pleural space to release trapped/accumulated air within the pleural space

A

Needle Thoracentesis

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13
Q

Life threatening condition where air progressively accumulates in the pleural space, eventually compressing the lung and the mediastinum, causing decreased blood flow in the great vessels and subsequent death.

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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14
Q

Needle decompression should be performed when the following three criteria are met:

A

Evidence of worsening respiratory distress or difficulty with BVM device.

Decrease or absent breath sounds

Decompensated shock (SBP <90mm Hg)

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15
Q

It usually occurs in:

1) young white males
2) age 16 to 25 years old
3) who possess a very lanky, thin, runner’s build

The patient is at rest and feels a popping sensation within the chest.

The patient wakes up in the morning and feels short of breath.

A

Spontaneous Simple Pneumothorax

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16
Q

IV catheter size for Needle thoracentesis

A

10 - 16 G

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17
Q

Needle Thoracentesis

Rib location

A

2nd and 3rd rib

18
Q

Occurs when blood enters the pleural space

A

Hemothorax

19
Q

Pleural space can accommodate _____ mL of blood

A

2500-3000 mL

20
Q

Primary cause of hemothorax

A

Lung laceration

Laceration of an intercostal vessel / mammary artery

Penetrating or blunt trauma

21
Q

(a) Anxiety / Restlessness
(b) Chest Pain
(c) Tachypnea
(d) Signs of Shock (pallor, confusion, hypotension)
(e) Frothy, Bloody Sputum
(f) Diminished Breath Sounds on Affected Side
(g) Tachycardia
(h) Flat Neck Veins

A

Hemothorax

22
Q

Hemothorax patient positioning

A

Left lateral recumbent if not contraindicated

23
Q

Performed to evacuate air or fluid from the pleural space.

A related procedure, emergency needle decompression, is performed to relieve a tension pneumothorax

A

Chest Tube Thoracotomy

24
Q

Indications for a chest tube

A

Drainage of large pneumothorax (> 25%)
Drainage of hemothorax
After needle decompression of a tension pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Empyema (collection of pus in the pleural cavity)
Simple/Closed Pneumothorax
Open Pneumothorax

25
Q

Chest tube size for Adult or Teen Male

A

28-32 Fr

26
Q

Chest tube size for an Adult or Teen Female

A

28 Fr

27
Q

Chest Tube size for a child

A

18 Fr

28
Q

Landmark for a chest tube

A

At the fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line

2-4 cm skin incision that follows the rib

29
Q

Chest tube

Patient should remain on water seal suction for ____ hours

A

6-12

30
Q

Chest tube dressings should be changed every ___ hours, or sooner if saturated

A

24 hours

31
Q

Chest tube

A chest radiograph taken ___ hours after insertion to show improvement

A

4-6 hours

32
Q

Occurs when a segment of the chest wall does not have bony continuity with the rest of the thoracic cage.

The breaking of 2 or more ribs in 2 or more places

A

Flail Chest

33
Q

1) Shortness of Breath
2) Paradoxical Chest Movement
3) Bruising/ Swelling of affected chest area
4) Crepitus (Grinding of bone ends on palpation)

A

Flail Chest

34
Q

Bandages that can be used to splint injured ribs.

A

Trauma Bandage

Triangle Bandage

35
Q

Is almost always present in the casualty with a flail segment

A

Pulmonary Contusion

36
Q

Two sources can leak air into the pleural space:

A

Hole in the chest

Hole in the lung

37
Q

Red bubbles on exhalation is a:

A

Sucking chest wound

38
Q

Needle decompression should be performed when:

A

Evidence of worsening respiratory distress or difficulty with BVM

Decrease or absent breath sounds

decompensated shock SBP <90 mmHg

39
Q

Frothy, bloody sputum would indicate

A

Hemothorax

40
Q

Primary cause of hemothorax

A

Lung laceration

Laceration of an intercostal vessel / mammary artery

Penetrating or blunt trauma

Trauma (12 decks)

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