Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLASS 22010 TRAUMA > RESPIRATION AND CHEST TRAUMA > Flashcards

RESPIRATION AND CHEST TRAUMA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a roughly hollow cylinder formed by its bony and muscular structures, lined by visceral and parietal pleura to facilitate changing intrathoracic pressure and allow inspiration of air?

A

Thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ___ of the chest is where the trachea, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins are located

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some blood vessels of the chest?

A
  1. Great vessels
  2. Pulmonary vessels
  3. Intercostal vessels
  4. Internal Mammary artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some different injuries of the chest?

A
  1. Blunt trauma
  2. Penetrating trauma
  3. Compression injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These are all different kinds of what injury?

  1. Simple/closed pneumothorax
  2. Open pneumothorax
  3. Hemothorax
  4. Pulmonary Contusion
  5. Tracheobronchial Tree Injury
  6. Blunt cardiac injury
  7. Cardiac tamponade
  8. Commotio Cordis
  9. Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injury
  10. Traumatic aortic disruption
  11. Blunt esophageal rupture
  12. Tracheobronchial Disruption
A

Injuries of the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a lethal disruption of heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart at a critical time during the cycle of the heart beat causing cardiac arrest?

A

Commotio Cordis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is present in up to 20% of severe chest injuries?

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of pneumothorax?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Open
  3. Tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of pneumothorax is just the presence of air within the pleural space?

A

Simple pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of pneumothorax is also called a “sucking chest wound”, involves a pneumothorax associated with a defect in the chest wall that allows air to enter and exit the pleural space from the outside with ventilation effort?

A

Open Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of pneumothorax occurs when air continues to enter the pleural space but has no avenue for egress, resulting in increasing pressure within the pleural place, compromising circulatory function?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What demonstrates finding similar to those in a rib fracture like the following?

  1. Chest pain
  2. Dyspnea
  3. Tachycardia
  4. Decreased breath sounds on affected side
  5. Wound may make audible suck sounds during inspiration
A

Simple Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the key point in the management of a simple pneumothorax?

A

recognition that it may become a tension pneumothorax at any time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pneumothorax happens when a projectile enters the chest causing a small or large hole, the opening in the chest cavity allows air to enter the pleural cavity and causes the lung to collapse due to the increase in pressure in the pleural cavity?

A

Open pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What chest injury presents generally in obvious respiratory distress with some of the following symptoms?

  1. Dyspnea
  2. Sudden sharp pain
  3. Subcutaneous emphysema
  4. Decreased lung sounds on the affected side
  5. Red bubbles on exhalation from the wound (sucking chest wound)
A

Open Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the initial management of an open pneumothorax?

A
  1. Closing chest wall defect

2. Supplemental O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False

A casualty with an open pneumothorax rarely has an injury to the underlying lung

A

False

Casualty with an open pneumothorax virtually always has an injury to the underlying lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the introduction of a needle or catheter into the pleural space to release trapped/accumulated air within the pleural space?

A

Needle thoracentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a life threatening condition where air is progressively accumulates in the pleural space, eventually compressing the lung and the mediastinum, causing decreased blood flow in the great vessels and subsequent death?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Needle Decompression should be performed when what criteria are met?

A
  1. Evidence of worsening respiratory distress or difficulty with BVM device
  2. Decreased or absent breath sounds
  3. Decompensated shock (SBP <90mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These are all signs and symptoms of what?

  1. Dyspnea, anxiety, tachycardia, hypotension and hypoxia
  2. JVD and midline tracheal shift are classically described but rarely present
  3. Hypotension is an ominous sign that signifies obstructive shock
A

Tension pneumothorax

22
Q

What is a collapsed lung caused by the rupture of a congenitally weak area in the lung and usually occurs in young white males, aged 16-25 years old, who possess a very lanky, thin, runner’s build?

A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

23
Q

What usually presents with symptoms such as the following?

  1. Patient is at rest and feels a popping sensation within the chest
  2. Patient wakes up in the morning and feels short of breath
  3. Occur WITHOUT any evidence of trauma
  4. Chest pain on affected side
  5. Dyspnea/shortness of breath
  6. Symptoms usually begin during rest or sleep
A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

24
Q

Small or Large Pneumothorax?

  1. Mild to moderate increase in RR
  2. Mild to moderate tachycardia
  3. Diminished breath sounds on affected side
A

Small

25
Q

Small or Large pneumothorax?

  1. Tachypnea - marked
  2. Tachycardia - marked
  3. Cyanosis
  4. Absent breath sounds on affected side
  5. Subcutaneous emphysema
  6. Decreasing level of consciousness
A

Large

26
Q

What are some complications of a needle thoracentesis?

A
  1. Hemothorax
  2. Bacterial infection
  3. Air embolism
27
Q

What occurs when blood enters the pleural space?

A

Hemothorax

28
Q

Hemothorax

The pleural space can accommodate between ___ and ___ mL of blood

A

2500 and 3000 mL

29
Q

The primary causes of what are lung lacerations or lacerations of an intercostal vessel or internal mammary artery due to either penetrating or blunt trauma?

A

Hemothorax

30
Q

Casualties may appear in distress with the following signs and symptoms in what?

  1. Anxiety/Restlessness
  2. Chest pain
  3. Tachypnea
  4. Signs of shock (pallor, confusion, hypotension)
  5. Frothy bloody sputum
  6. Diminished breath sounds on affected side
  7. Tachycardia
  8. Flat neck veins
A

Hemothorax

31
Q

What is the management of a patient with a hemothorax?

A
  1. Serial observation to detect physiologic deterioration while providing appropriate support
  2. High-concentration O2, ventilation support if necessary with BVM or more advanced techniques
  3. General shock care due to blood loss
32
Q

What position should be considered for a patient with a hemothorax if it isn’t contraindicated?

A

Left lateral recumbent

33
Q

What can be performed to evacuate air or fluid from the pleural space?

A

Chest tube thoracotomy

34
Q

These are all the indications for what?

  1. Drainage of large pneumothorax (>25%)
  2. Drainage of hemothorax
  3. After needle decompression of a tension pneumothorax
  4. Pleural effusion
  5. Empyema
  6. Simple/closed pneumothorax
  7. Open pneumothorax
A

Chest tube thoracotomy

35
Q

What are the contraindications for a Chest Tube Thoracotomy?

A
  1. Infection over insertion site
  2. Uncontrolled bleeding (diathesis)
  3. No contraindication if the procedure is emergent
36
Q

What is the adult to teen male chest tube size ?

A

28-32 FR

37
Q

What is the adult to teen female chest tube size?

A

28FR

38
Q

What is the child chest tube size?

A

18FR

39
Q

What is the land mark for a chest tube?

A

fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line

2-4 cm incision

40
Q

Chest Tubes

Suction should be maintained until there is no air leak. Although many different protocols exist as to when to consider removing the tube, the most prudent method is to turn off the suction after the patient’s lung re-expands and allow the patient to remain on water seal for ___ to ___ hours to detect occult air leaks.

A

6 to 12 hours

41
Q

Chest tube dressings should be changed every ___ hours, or sooner if the dressing becomes saturated

A

24 hours

42
Q

Chest Tubes

A chest radiograph should be taken every ___ to ___ hours after chest tube insertion and should show improvement in the pulmonary condition

A

4 to 6 hours

43
Q

What occurs when a segment of the chest wall does not have bony continuity with the rest of the thoracic cage?

A

Flail chest

44
Q

The breaking of 2 or more ribs in 2 or more places is termed what?

A

Flail chest

45
Q

Casualties with what may appear in distress with the following signs and symptoms?

  1. SOB
  2. Paradoxical chest movement
  3. Bruising/Swelling of affected chest area
  4. Crepitus
A

Flail chest

46
Q

Flail chest

In a field setting what bandages can be used to splint injured ribs?

A
  1. Trauma bandage
  2. Triangular bandage
  • can also place IV bag on area and tape down
47
Q

What pain med is an alterative to taping or sandbagging in a patient with flail chest?

A

IV ketamine

Morphine can depress respirations

48
Q

What is known as a bruise of the lung caused by chest trauma?

A

Pulmonary contusion, also called lung contusion

49
Q

The chief physiological abnormality of what is the prevention of gas exchange because no air enters the alveoli, blood and edema fluid in the tissue between the alveoli further impede gas exchange in the alveoli that are ventilated?

A

Pulmonary Contusion

50
Q

What is almost always present in the casualty with a flail segment and is a common and potentially lethal complication of a thoracic injury?

A

Pulmonary Contusion

51
Q

Pulmonary Contusion

Deterioration to the point of frank respiratory failure may occur over the first
___ hours after injury

A

24 hours

CLASS 22010 TRAUMA (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions