Respiration

Question 1

Define respiration

Answer 1

The chemical breakdown of food to release energy which is essential for all living things.

Question 2

What is the chemical equation for respiration?

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6C02 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 3

Name the 2 types of respiration

Answer 3

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 4

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 4

A process where food is broken down in the presence of oxygen.

Question 5

What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

CO2 and water

Question 6

Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?

Answer 6

The mitochondria

Question 7

Define anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

A process where food is broken down in the absence of (or very little) oxygen.

Question 8

Name 1 type of organism that can respire anaerobically.

Answer 8

Yeast / bacteria

Question 9

Which tissue in the human body can go through anaerobic respiration?

Answer 9

Muscles

Question 10

Aerobic respiration happens in the mitochondria of the cell. Where does anaerobic respiration occur in the cell?

Answer 10

The cytoplasm

Question 11

What happens when muscle cells use up all the available oxygen to release oxygen from glucose but still need more oxygen?

Answer 11

Glucose in the muscle cells is broken down through anaerobic respiration, to form lactic acid.

Question 12

Is anaerobic respiration an efficient way of obtaining energy in muscle cells? Why?

Answer 12

No.

1. The breakdown of glucose is incomplete as CO2 and H2O are not produced.
2. Lactic acid still contains large amounts of chemical energy.
3. Buildup of lactic acid causes muscle cramps and muscle pain.

Question 13

Describe how the body gets get of lactic acid in the muscle cells.

Answer 13

1. The lactic acid is carried away from the muscle cells to the liver through the blood.
2. In the liver, lactic acid is oxidized (broken down) into CO2 and H20. At this stage, aerobic respiration takes place. (because oxygen is used)

Question 14

Name the products released when yeasts undergo anaerobic respiration.

Answer 14

Ethanol and carbon dioxide and energy

Question 15

What is another term to describe the process where yeasts undergo anaerobic respiration?

Answer 15

Fermentation

Question 16

Name the catalyst required for respiration to take place.

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

How are alveoli adapted to carry out efficient gas exchange?

Answer 17

1. A large surface area
2. Thin walls (1 cell thick)
3. Moist surface area
4. A dense supply of blood capillaries
5. Permeable

Question 18

How does a thin alveolus wall enable efficient gaseous exchange?

Answer 18

It enables rapid diffusion.

Question 19

Why is a moist surface necessary on respiratory surfaces?

Answer 19

Gases diffuse in fluids before diffusing across the alveolar wall.

Question 20

How does a rich supply of blood capillaries enable efficient gas exchange in the alveoli?

Answer 20

It helps to TRANSPORT gases to and from the alveoli quickly.

Question 21

During inspiration, what happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm , rib cage, volume in the thorax and pressure?

Answer 21

1. The external intercostal muscles contract.
2. The internal intercostal muscles relax.
3. The diaphragm contracts and flattens.
4. The rib cage moves outward and upwards.
5. The volume of air increases.
6. The pressure decreases

Question 22

During expiration, what happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm , rib cage, volume in the thorax and pressure?

Answer 22

1. The external intercostal muscles relax.
2. The internal intercostal muscles contract.
3. The diaphragm relaxes and domes upwards.
4. The rib cage moves inwards and downwards.
5. The volume of air decreases.
6. The pressure increases.