Respiration Flashcards
Respiration produces what?
ATP
which stage is glycolysis in anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
The first stage
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
What type of process is glycolysis?
An anaerobic process
What 3 stages does glycolysis involve?
- Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate, using ATP
- Production of triose phosphate
- Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate with the net gain of ATP and reduced NAD
What can happen if respiration is only anaerobic?
and what can the oxidised NAD produced be further used for?
Pyruvate can be converted to ethanol or lactate using reduced NAD
- The oxidised NAD can be used further in glycolysis
What can happen if respiration is aerobic?
pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondrial matrix by active transport
Pyruvate is oxidised to produce what?
Acetate
- producing reduced NAD in the process
What does acetate combine with, and in what reaction, to produce acetylecoenzyme A?
- combines with co-enzyme A
- In the Link reaction
What does acetylecoenzyme A combine with?
What does it release and produce?
What enters the Krebs cycle?
- A four carbon molecule
- Releases co-enzyme A and produces a six carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle
What does the Krebs cycle do in a series of oxidation - reduction reactions? and what is lost?
Generates reduced co-enzyme and ATP at substrate level phosphorylation
- carbon dioxide is lost
Synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is associated with what?
+ is catalysed by what?
- The transfer of electrons down the electron transfer chain
- Passage of protons across the inner mitochondrial membranes
+ By ATP synthase embedded in these membranes
Other respiratory substrates include the breakdown produced of? And what do they enter?
Lipids ad amino acids
- the Krebs cycle
