Respiration Flashcards
where does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm
where does link reaction occur
matrix of mitochondria
where does krebs cycle occur
matrix of mitochondria
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur
intermembrane space of mitochondria or crista
Stages of glycolysis
1)glucose ATP --> ADP + PI 2) Glucose phosphate ATP --> ADP + PI 3)Hexose bisphosphate 4) 2X 3-glycerate phosphate 4ADP + PI --> 4ATP 2NAD-->2NADH 5) 2X Pyruvate
why is glucose not use directly in respiration
1) too big to cross mitochondrial membrane
2) no transport proteins to move glucose accross membrane
how is pyruvate moved into mitochondria
active transport
stages of link reaction
1) pyruvate NAD--> NADH CO2 comes out 2) Acetate Co enzyme A 3) Acetyl Coenzmye A
Krebs Cycle stages
1) Oxaloacetate joins with acetyl CoA to make a 6C citric acid
2) CO2 lost
3) NAD–> NADH
4) 5C compound
6) CO2 LOST
7) 2NAD–>2NADH
8) ADP + Pi –> ATP
9) FAD–>FADH
10) oxaloacetate
Substrate level phosphorylation
creation of ATP without ATP synthase, phosphate is added directly to ADP from another molecule
How do lipids/proteins respire aerobically
broken down into acetly coA to enter krebs cycle
Products per krebs cycle
3 NADH
1 ATP
1 FADH
2 CO2
Oxidative phosphorylation stages
1) e- and H+ released from coenzymes NAD and FAD
2) e- pass along transport chain in a series of redox reactions
3) pass along channel proteins (1,2,3,4)
4) releases energy used to create a proton gradient
5) protons diffuse down electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase (chemiosmosis)
6) provides energy for ADP + Pi –> ATP
7) oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor, and combines with electrons and protons to form water
Oxidative phosphorylation equations
1/2 O2 + 2e- + 2H+ –> 2H2O
NADH–> e- + H+ –> NAD
FADH –> e- + H+ –> FAD
Chemiosmotic theory
1) e- transport chain causes proton grad
2) e- lose energy along the ETC
3) energy used to pump H+ across membrane
4) protons diffuse through ATP synthase by chemiosmosis
5) provides energy for ADP + Pi –> ATP
