Respiration Flashcards
Describe the 7 functions of the respiratory system
a. Provide body with oxygen:
b. Eliminate carbon dioxide from body:
c. Regulate hydrogen ion concentration in blood (pH):
d. Facilitate speech:
e. Provide a defense against microbes:
f. Influence chemical messengers in blood:
g. Trap and dissolve small blood clots:
What is the use of providing oxygen to the body?
To make ATP (most critical function)
Describe elimination of CO2 from the body as a function of resp system
CO2 is a by-product of cellular respiration, must be eliminated because when combined with H2O, creates carbonic acid which dissociates to HCO3- and H+ which can acidify body
Describe the function of pH regulation by the resp system
helps eliminate H+ from other sources in conjunction with kidney
Describe the function of facilitating speech by the resp system
larynx positioned at top of trachea, air exchange used to drive speech, function in exhalation
Describe the function of providing defense against microbes by the resp system
epithelial secretions- secrete antibacterial factors and mucous (epithelial layers), lymphoid tissue (in mucosa, resident lymphocytes), reflexes- coughing and sneezing
Describe the function of influencing chemical messengers in the blood by the resp system
convert ATI to ATII via ACE, ATII aldosterone secretion; inactivates hormones and cytokines (PGs)- clearance site for small molecules
Describe the function of trapping and dissolving blood clots by the resp system
Venules in lungs good at clearing blood clots because a lot of plasmin, slow blood flow time to break down clots
List the structures associated with the conducting zone
nose, mouth , pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchii, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Describe the basic functions of the structures of the conducting zone
- -no gas exchange, air moving by bulk flow- mechanical pressure gradient,
- -trachea and bronchi include cartilaginous rings and mucous glands- holds tube open skeletal structure, smooth muscle associated that can manipulate diameter
List the structures associated with the respiratory zone
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
Describe the basic functions of the structures of the respiratory zone
- -gas exchange occurs because walls are thin enough for diffusion to occur,
- -smooth muscles in bronchioles regulate airflow, high SA,
- -highly vascularized- lots of gas exchange, blood flow, and pressure low due to branching,
- -low flow rate=lots of time for gas exchange
Describe the properties of alveoli that increase respiratory surface area and enhance gas exchange.
a. Branching is important for respiratory function- 1 tube→ 8 million tubes; 300,000 alveoli per lung
b. Increased SA, lots of epithelium with blood around it where gas can exchange
List the 3 types of cells found in an alveolus
- Type I
- Type II
- Macrophages
What is the function of type I cells in the alveolus?
gas exchange, epithelial cells, most common, squamous pink cells