Respiration Flashcards
transfer of O2 and CO2 BETWEEN alveoli and blood and between blood and tissue is which transport method
Diffusion
Ventilation (external resp) is convective or diffusive?
convective movt of air into alveoli
gas (O2 CO2) transport BY blood is
convective
Internal respiration is
intracellular metabolic processes that use O2 and produce CO2
Arteriolized blood
went through lungs and oxygenated
Gas exchange occurs only in
alvioli and small bronchioles
Anatomy
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli:
all have smooth muscle and cilia (at least some) except alveoli
trachea and bronchi have cartilage
no cartilage in resp bronchioles and alveoli
Conducting zone is aka
Anatomical dead space: not available for gas exchange
generations 1 - 16
Respiratory zone is
Gas exchange zone/alveolar ventilation volume:
generations 17-23
alveolar duct
when so many alveoli that they make up the wall
Bronchus vs. bronchiole
2 mm vs 0.2 mm
CARTILAGE, sm muscle, submucosal gland, PA (pulm artery) (rigid) vs. NO CARTILAGE (expand)
Smooth m of bronchi and bronchioles is controlled by
ANS:
SNS - Beta2 receptor (airway dilation) (Albuterol is an agonist)
PNS - Muscarinic receptor (constriction)
diameter of bronchioles depend on
lung volume
Terminal Resp Unit (TRU)
Acinus:
small airways and alveoli served by terminal bronchiole
about 2000 alveoli
SRB resp bronchioles
have some alveoli
What receives whole cardiac output?
Pulmonary Artery (From RV)
Why need to keep pressure in capillaries as low as possible?
to prevent fluid from moving into alveolar sack.
almost nothing to prevent fluid from moving from lumen of capillary into alveolar sack -> edema
When hyperventilate:
Lower CO2 and make less acidic
When hypoventilate
Raise CO2 (lower O2) and increase acid
where are blood becarbonate and CO2 levels regulated?
bicarb - kidney
CO2 - lungs
Non resp fx of lungs
Lungs receive ALL of CO
angiotensin converting enzyme AngI to Ang II
enzymes that inactivate bradykinin and some prostaglandins
serotonin removed
IgA immunoglobulins released
Respiratory quotient RQ or RER (resp exchange ratio)
ratio of VCO2 to VO2
fats: 0.7
carbs: 1.0
mixed or protein: 0.8 (assume this one if value not given)
VO2
Oxy consumption
VCO2
CO2 production
Q
volume of blood
A vs a
A: Alveolar
a: arterial
v: venous
L: lung
I inspired E expired
v
