Respiration Flashcards
What amkes ATP suitable as an immediate energy source
The hydrolysis of an ATP molecule releases a small, controllable amount of energy
-Involves a single reaction to release energy using one enzyme. Breaking one bond releases energy immediately and allows the cell to have control over its energy budget
-can be transported easily from the cell as it is small and soluble
Uses of ATP
- Anabolic processes- build up- proteins from amino acids
- Movement. Provide energy required for cellular movement- muscle contractions
- Active Transport- move material against a concentration gradient- absorption of amino acids in PCT
- Activation of chemicals- makes chemicals more reactive- react more readily- eg glucose at the start of glycolysis
How cynaide prevents ATP production
prevents hydrogens/ electrons from combining with oxygen, since the hydrogen/ electron carriers remain reduced, this prevents ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation
How are fats utilised
Triglycerides- hydrolysed to glycerol and fatty acids
-glycerol- glycolysis
-fatty acids- acetyl coA stage
How are proteins utilised
-hydrolysed to amino acids
-deaminated- remove amino group -NH2
-residue enters as acetyl coA, Pyruvate or intermediate compound in krebs cycle
How are arbohydrates used
-fructose enters glycolysis
-more complex carbs- broken down to glucose/ simple sugars before glycolysis
What are the benefits of anaerobic respiration
-short- only a short part of the aerobic respiration
-products don’t have to diffuse through the mtiochondria
What is pyruvate converted to in animals and plants and yeast
-animals- lactate
-plants and yeast- ethanol
Why is lactate better than ethanol
-can be further broken down when oxygen is available to produce energy
-ethanol is toxic
What is oxygen debt
The extra oxygen used to metabolise lactate
What is the purpose of the anaerobic pathway
to regenerate NAD so glycolysis can continue
