Respiration Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
Energy is obtained from food using oxygen
Aerobic respiration is a key metabolic process in many organisms.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Energy is obtained from food without the requirement of oxygen
Anaerobic respiration occurs in certain conditions or organisms.
Define aerobes.
Organisms that get their energy using aerobic respiration
Examples include most animals and plants.
Define anaerobes.
Organisms that get their energy using anaerobic respiration
Examples include anaerobic bacteria.
What is the main reaction for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
This equation summarizes the process of aerobic respiration.
What occurs during Stage 1 of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, an anaerobic stage, produces 2 ATP molecules and NADH
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.
What is pyruvic acid?
A three-carbon molecule produced from glucose during glycolysis
Pyruvic acid is also known as pyruvate.
What happens during the Link Reaction (Krebs Cycle)?
Pyruvic acid is converted to Acetyl CoA and CO2 in an aerobic process
NADH is also formed during this reaction.
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
In the lumen of the mitochondria
This process is also aerobic.
What is produced during the Krebs Cycle?
NADH and ATP through phosphorylation
Acetyl CoA is broken down and releases CO2.
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
A series of protein molecules in the cristae of the mitochondria that pass high energy electrons
This process is aerobic and produces most of the ATP.
How much ATP is produced in the Electron Transport Chain?
38 ATP
This is the highest yield of ATP in aerobic respiration.
What is the final product of the Electron Transport Chain?
Water
This occurs when low energy electrons combine with hydrogen and oxygen.
True or False: Anaerobic respiration can take place in the presence of oxygen.
True
However, it does not require oxygen to occur.
What stages are involved in anaerobic respiration?
Only Stage 1 (glycolysis)
This results in less energy production compared to aerobic respiration.
Fill in the blank: In anaerobic respiration, _______ is produced.
Less energy
This is a key difference from aerobic respiration.
What is the end product of pyruvate in muscle cells during glycolysis?
Lactic acid
What are the end products of pyruvate in yeast during glycolysis?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Define fermentation.
Anaerobic respiration
What products can yeast be used to make during fermentation?
Alcohol such as beer and wine
What are bacteria used to produce?
Antibiotics and yogurts
What is biotechnology?
Microorganisms, enzymes and other living things are used to make useful products
What happens to microorganisms during the fermentation process?
They are mixed with the substrate
What is used to remove foam during fermentation?
Foam breaker
How is oxygen introduced into the bioreactor?
Through a sparger
What is the purpose of immobilizing microorganisms?
To reuse them and not have them present in the finished product
What is the first step to prepare alcohol using yeast?
Boil some glucose solution to remove the oxygen present
What is the control in the alcohol preparation experiment?
The conical flask without the yeast
What is poured into each conical flask to keep out oxygen?
Oil
What is added to both conical flasks to test for carbon dioxide?
Limewater
What indicates that fermentation is finished?
No more bubbles are produced
What test is used to check for alcohol?
Iodoform test
What forms in the presence of alcohol during the iodoform test?
Yellow crystals
What happens in the control flask during the iodoform test?
No yellow crystals are formed
