respiration Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration
An exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy which can be used by cells
what are the equations for aerobic respiration
glucose+oxygen-carbon dioxide+water(+energy)
where does aerobic respiration take place
in the mitochondria
why do organisms require the energy released by respiration
.synthesis of larger molecules
.muscle contraction
.maintenance of body temperature
.Active transport
what is anearobic respiration
An exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the abscense of oxygen
what is the equation for anerobic reaction
glucose-lactic acid
why is anearobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration
Glucose is not completely broken down,so less energy is transferred.
why can anearobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue
lactic acid builds up in muscles,preventing efficient contraction.
what is an oxygen debt
the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back into glucose after anearobic respiration
what is fermentation
A type of anearobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells
what is the equation for fermentation
Glucose-ethanol+carbon dioxide(+energy)
why is the fermentation reaction important
it is used in the production of bread and alchaholic drinks
what are the differences between areobic and anearboic respiration
. aerobic required oxygen, anerobic does not
.aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water, anerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide
aerboic produces a greater amount of energy
how do muscles store glucose
As glycogen
what changes take place when muscular activity increases in the body
.heart rate increases and arteries dilate-increases flow of oxygenated blood to muscles
.breathing rate increases and breathing is deeper-increases the rate of gaseous exchange
.stored glycogen is converted back into glucose
what is metabolism
the sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or an organism
how do cells use the energy transferred by respiration
to countinously carry out enzyme-controlled processes which lead to synthesis of new molecules
give examples of metabollic reactions
.glucose into starch/glycogen/cellulose
.glycerol and fatty acids into lipids
.glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids
.photosynthesis
.respiration
.breakdown of excess protiens into urea
