respiration Flashcards
aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)
anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
g;ucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
where does each stage of respiration occur
glycolysis: cytoplasm
link reaction: matrix
krebs cycle: matrix
oxidative phosphorylation: cristae
For each molecule of glucose, how many molecules of ATP are formed by oxidative phosphorylation?
34
ATP is useful in many biological processes. Explain why.
-ATP releases energy in small amounts
It releases energy in a single-step reaction, so is an immediate source of energy
-ATP phosphorylates compounds to make them more reactive
-ATP is soluble in water, where most chemical reactions occur
Explain why it is necessary for humans to synthesise such a large amount of ATP.
-ATP cannot be stored / is an immediate source of energy;
-ATP only releases a small amount of energy at a time;
Why was it important that the respirometers were left in the water bath for 10 minutes before adding the coloured fluid
-To equilibriate
-To get to the correct temperature
Explain why the coloured fluid moved down
The peas absorb oxygen with respires to produce carbon dioxide which is absorbed by potassium hydroxide which decreases overall pressure
Explain why there us an increased rate of respiration in soaked seeds at 25C compared to the soaked seeds at 15C
The increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy which increases enzyme activity of decarboxylase and dehydrogenase
aerobic respiration produces more ATP per molecule of glucose than anaerobic respiration. explain why
-Aerobic respiration has oxidative phosphorylation which produces 34 atp molecules
-where oxygen is the final electron acceptor
Anaerobic respiration is without oxygen and only has the stage glycolysis. no link reaction or krebs or oxidative phosphorylation so no extra production of ATP
during a respirometer investigation the two sets of apparatus were palced in dark cupboard explain why
-so photosynthesis doesnt occur
-photosynthesis uses up co2
-and produces o2
give two reasons why temperature should be kept constant in this investigation
-tempersture affects rate of respiration
-temperature affects the volume/pressure of gas
what does the RQ value of 1.0 indicate about the type of respiration and the respiratory substrate used by the seeds
-the respiration was aerobic
-the substate must have been carbohydrates/starch/sugar (glucose)
describe how ATP is made in stage 2 and stage 3 respiration
-substrate level phosphorylation, atp produced in krebs cycle
-krebs cycle produces NADH2/FADH
-electrons released from NADH/FADH
-electrons pass through the carriers in the ETC.
-energy is released which allows H+ ions to pump though the inner membrane into the inter-membrane space
-a H+ gradient is formed in the inter membrane space which allows H+ ions to diffuse down atp synthase back into the inner membrane space and releases energy which is used to form ATP from ADP+pi
-the H+ ions and the elctrons bind to the O- (the final electron acceptor) to form water
