Respiration

Question 1

Define Respiration.

Answer 1

A series of metabolic pathways that convert the chemical potential energy in food into the chemical potential energy in ATP

Question 2

Roughly how many molecules of ATP is glucose broken down into?

Answer 2

30

Question 3

Step Processes in Aerobic Respiration

Answer 3

-Glycolysis
-Link Reaction
-Krebs Cycle
-Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Step Processes in Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 4

-Glycolysis
-Fermentation

Question 5

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 5

Splitting 6C glucose (hexose sugar) into two 3C Pyruvate

Question 6

What is Link Reaction?

Answer 6

3C Pyruvate into 2C Acetyl coA + CO2

Question 7

What is Kreb’s Cycle?

Answer 7

Cycle of reactions producing CO2, ATP and H

Question 8

What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?

Answer 8

H combines with O2 to form H2O. More ATP produced

Question 9

Stage one in Glycolysis

Answer 9

Activating the Glucose

Question 10

Activating the Glucose

Answer 10

-Addition of 2 phosphate molecules provided by ATP
-Glucose is made more reactive
-Also prevents glucose being transported across plasma membrane and out of the cell

Question 11

What is the resultant molecule from step one which is then split in step two?

Answer 11

Hexose Biphosphate

Question 12

Stage Two in Glycolysis

Answer 12

Splitting the Phosphorylated Hexose

Question 13

Splitting the Phosphorylated Hexose

Answer 13

-The 6C molecule is split into two 3C molecules called Triose Phosphate

Question 14

Stage Three in Glycolysis

Answer 14

Oxidation of triose where hydrogen is transferred to a carrier molecule, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, forming reduced NAD

Question 15

Stage Four in Glycolysis

Answer 15

-Production of the 3C molecule called Pyruvate
-Another phosphate is added to each triose. Both phosphates are then transferred to ADP to give 2 molecules of ATP

Question 16

What does NAD stand for?

Answer 16

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 17

What is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

Answer 17

-2 nucleotides joined via their phosphate groups
-One contains nitrogenous base, adenine

Question 18

Equation for formation and breakdown of NAD to Reduced NAD

Answer 18

NAD ⇌ Reduced NAD

-hydrogen in for formation of rNAD
-hydrogen out in return from rNAD to NAD

Question 19

What is glycolysis yield?

Answer 19

Each molecules of glucose entering glycolysis:
-2 molecules of ATP
-2 molecules of reduced NAD
-2 molecules of Pyruvate

Question 20

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 20

-In every living organism
-In the cytoplasm of cells

Question 21

Why is glycolysis part of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 21

Doesn’t require oxygen

Question 22

How much energy does glycolysis produce?

Answer 22

Small amount

Question 23

Why is it okay that glycolysis only produces a small amount of energy?

Answer 23

Most organisms use O2 to breakdown Pyruvate further, in the Kreb’s Cycle