Respiration Flashcards
1
Q
What come together to form tissues
A
Specialised cells
2
Q
What do different tissues come together to form
A
Organs
3
Q
What are all living things made from
A
Cells
4
Q
What do organs come together to form
A
Organ systems
5
Q
What do organ systems come together to form
A
Organisms
6
Q
What does multicellular mean
A
Things made up of multiple different cells
7
Q
Organisation in the body order
A
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, organisation
8
Q
What are organelles
A
Organelles are components of a cell e.g: ribosomes and mitochondria
9
Q
Organ systems in a plant
A
The shoot system and the root system
10
Q
What does the shoot system do?
A
supports the plant and allows photosynthesis and nutrient transport
11
Q
What does the root system do?
A
takes in water and nutrients from the soil and transports them to the shoot system
12
Q
What are the organs in the shoot system
A
Flower, stem, leaf
13
Q
What is the organ in the root system
A
The roots
14
Q
What things respire?
A
Plants, animals, fungi, protoctists and bacteria
15
Q
What is respiration?
A
It is a chemical reaction
16
Q
What is the respiration equation?
A
Glucose+oxygen=CO2+water
17
Q
What is glucose
A
A small sugar molecule
18
Q
How do animals get glucose?
A
From their diet
19
Q
How do plants get glucose
A
The make glucose in photosynthesis
20
Q
What is carbon dioxide
A
A waste product
21
Q
When do mammals release carbon dioxide
A
When we breath out
22
Q
What is oxygen used for in respiration
A
To break down the glucose
23
Q
Glucose is a store of energy so when it is broken down what is released
A
Energy
24
Q
What can the organism use this energy for
A
Chemical reactions and other biological processes like muscle contraction.
25
What does glucose contain a lot of
Energy
26
When glucose is broken down where is the energy transferred to?
Another molecule called ATP
27
Where does ATP take the energy
Around the body
28
What does aerobic respiration require
Oxygen and therefore occurred in the presence of oxygen
29
When does anaerobic respiration occur
It occurs without the presence of oxygen
30
Where does respiration happen
In mitochondria and cells(+ATP)
31
What is ATP used for
For processes that require energy for example muscle contraction
32
What is ATP like
DNA
33
What is respiration not the same as
Breathing
34
What is the scientific name for breathing
Ventilation
35
What does respiration release
Energy stored in glucose
36
When do humans use aerobic respiration
When they are not short of air
37
When do humans do anaerobic respiration
When they are short of air
38
What version of anaerobic respiration do bacteria and yeast do
Fermentation
39
Equation for anaerobic respiration in humans
Glucose➡️ lactic acid
40
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria and fungi
Glucose➡️ethanol +carbon dioxide
41
What is food a source of
Energy
42
What does food provide
-The fuel that our bodies need in order to function,move and keep warm.
-It provides the raw materials that our bodies need to grow and repair themselves
43
What are the components of a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates:
-Gives energy
Sugars:
-gives energy but bad for you
Protein:
-gives strength
Dairy:
-grows stronger bones
Fats and oils:
-good and bad
Fibres:
-aids peristalsis (helps decongest digestive system)
Vitamins:
-boosts immune system
Minerals
WATER
44
What is the food dissolved in while testing for fats
Ethanol
45
What colour should it turn if there is fat in the mixture
Cloudy
46
What is the name of the solution used to test for protein
Biurets solution
47
What colour should it turn if there is protein in the mixture
From blue to purple
48
What is the name of the solution used to test for sugar
Benedict’s solution
49
What colour should it turn if there is sugar in the mixture
From blue to bright orange
50
What colour should it turn if there is starch in the mixture
From orange brown to blue black
51
What solution is used to test for starch
Iodine
52
When will your diet be imbalanced
When the amount of energy you get from your food is different from the amount of energy you need.
53
What will to little food lead to
A person being underweight
54
What will too much food lead to
A person being overweight
55
Do different people need different amounts of energy
Yes
56
Is it true that the greater the persons mass the more energy they need
Yes
57
Is it false that people who are active need more energy than people that are not
No
58
Is it false that when adults get older then need less energy
No
59
What percentage does protein make up of the body
18%
60
What is diffusion
When particals move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
61
Parts of the breathing system
Diaphragm
Trachea
Alveoli
Lungs
Bronchioles
Nose
Bronchus
Rib cage
Mouth
Larynx
Intercostal muscles
62
When we inhale:
Diaphragm contracts
External intercostal muscles contract
Chest cavity volume increases
Pressure in the lungs decreases
Air flows from high to low pressure
Air moves into the lungs
63
When we exhale:
Diaphragm relaxes
Internal intercostal muscles contract
Chest cavity volume decreases
Pressure inside the lungs increases
Air moves from height to low pressure
Air moves out of lungs
64
Pathway of oxygen to the red blood cells
Nostril
Nasal cavity/pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx(voice box)
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli (sight of gas exchange)
Capillary wall
Red blood cell
Tissues
65
Factors that increase rate of diffusion
Short distance (thin cells)
Maintaining a steep concentration gradient
Surface area
66
What is a capillary cell like
Flat and thin
67
What is an alveolar cell like
Flat and thin
68
What do red blood cells contain
Haemoglobin to carry o2
69
While doing exercise what are cells doing
Respiring more therefore using up more oxygen and producing more CO2
70
What happens when your brain detects a change in the carbon dioxide in the CO2 concentration
Increased breathing and heart rate
71
What is nicotine and what does it do
It is addictive
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Makes blood vessels narrower which can lead to heart disease
72
What is tar and what does it do
-Causes lung, mouth and throat cancer
-coats the inside of the lungs including the alveoli causing coughing
-damages the alveoli making gas exchange more difficult
73
What is a carbon monoxide and what does it do
-takes the place of oxygen in red blood cells
-Reduces the amount of oxygen that blood can carry
-circulatory systems work harder causing blood disease
-especially dangerous during pregnancy
74
What is vaping and what does it do
-Inhaling vapour produced by an e-cigarette
-e-cigarettes are a battery powered device. They have cartridges full of liquid inside them
-when the liquid is heated it creates a vapour
75
Balanced element equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6+6O2➡️6H2O+6CO2
Glucose+oxygen➡️water+carbon dioxide
76
What are the products of fermentation
Ethanol and CO2
77
Fermentation is
The process of glucose producing ethanol and CO2
78
When is diffusion rate high
When surface area is high but distance is short
79
What is mucus
Mucus is a stick phlegm that traps bacteria/foreign particles in the trachea+bronchi
80
What are cilia
Little hairs
81
What do the cilia do
They sweep the mucus into the throat
82
Nucleus function
It controls cell activity and genetic information
83
Chloroplast function
A chloroplast converts the energy from sun light into sugars
84
Mitochondria function
Th mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration
85
Ribosomes function
Ribosomes make protein
86
Vacuole function
They handle waste products. They are also full of cell sap and helps maintain the shape
87
Cell wall function
They provide support and strength. It also holds the cells shape.
88
Cell membrane function
They control which substances go in and out.
89
Does aerobic respiration require oxygen
Yes
90
Does Anaerobic respiration require oxygen
No it cannot have oxygen
91
What is ATP like
DNA
92
When does Anaerobic respiration begin
When you muscles get tired
93
What is food a source of and what does it provide
Energy. It provides the fuel that our bodies need in order to function, move, keep warm, grow and repair.
94
Substance for the starch test
Iodine
95
substance for protein test
Biurets solution
96
Substance for sugar test
Benedicts
97
Substance for lipid test
Ethanol
