Respiration

Question 1

RESPIRATORY TRACT

Answer 1

Where air is cleanses, warmed and moistened as it passes the cilia and mucus in the nostrils and nasal cavities.

Exhaled air carries heat and moisture

Question 2

NOSE

Answer 2

Part of upper respiratory tract

Contains 2 nasal cavities, divided by a septum

Half olfactory senses (smell receptors)

Cilia keeps stuff out of the system by sweeping debris out of

Question 3

TRACHEA

Answer 3

Supported by c-shaped cartilaginous rings

Lined by ciliated cells which sweep impurities to the pharynx

Takes air to the bronchial tree

Question 4

PHARYNX

Answer 4

Passageway from the nasal cavity to the oral cavity and to the larynx

Takes air from the nose to the larynx

Takes food from the oral cavity to esophagus

Question 5

The LARYNX

Answer 5

Epiglottis covers the glottis (opening of larynx)

Contains the vocal cords

In youth, rapid growth of larynx/vocal cords changes the voice

Question 6

BRONCHIAL TREE

Answer 6

Right and left primary bronchi divide into even smaller bronchioles to conduct air to the alveoli

Asthma attack occurs when smooth muscles in the bronchioles constrict and cause wheezing

Question 7

THE LUNGS

Answer 7

Right lung contains 3 lobes

Left lung contains 2 lobes ( heart takes place)

Each lobe is divided into lobules

Bounded by the ribs and diaphragm

Covered by serous pleural membrane

Question 8

ALVEOLI

Answer 8

Air sacs lined with squamous epithelial

Surrounded by blood capillaries

Gas exchange occur at alveolar wall and capillary wall

Must stay open to receive air

Question 9

Inspiration

Answer 9

When we inhale

Impulses from respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata

Causes rib cage to rise and diaphragm to lower

Partial vacuum causes air to come

Question 10

Expiration

Answer 10

When we exhale

Lack of impulses from the respiratory centre

Allow rib cage to lower and diaphragm to reform dome shape

Elastic lungs recoil as air is released

Question 11

A deep breath causes (expiration)

Answer 11

Alveoli to stretch

Question 12

Ventilation control

Answer 12

Rhythm is controlled by the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata of the brain

Intrapleural pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, keeping the lungs from collapsing

Question 13

Residual Volume

Answer 13

Air always in you lungs

Prevents lung from collapsing

Question 14

Respiratory Volume
(Tidal Volume)

Answer 14

Amount of air moving in and out with each breath

Usually around 500ml

Question 15

Respiratory Volume
( Inspiratory Reserve)

Answer 15

Maximum amount of forced inspired air

Question 16

Respiratory volume
( expiratory reserve)

Answer 16

Maximum amount of forced expired air

Question 17

Vital capacity

Answer 17

The total volume of air that can be displaced by the lungs by maximal expiratory efforts

Question 18

Oxyhemoglobin Formula

Answer 18

Hb + O2 forms HbO2

Found in lungs

Question 19

Carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 19

Hb + Co2 produces HbCo2

Question 20

“Reduced” Hemoglobin

Answer 20

H + Hb produces HHb

Question 21

What is surfactant?

Answer 21

Surfucant is a soapy like lipoprotein that maintains surface tension and intact)

Question 22

Bronchioles

Answer 22

Branched tubes that lead from bronchial tree to alveoli

Question 23

Bronchi

Answer 23

Paired tubes inferior to trachea that enter the lungs