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Structure and functions in living organisms > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is an exothermic reaction taking place in cells to release energy in the form of ATP

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1
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

The two types of respiration are aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).

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2
Q

What are the waste products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and water.

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3
Q

What is ATP, and how is it related to respiration?

A
  • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of cells.
  • ATP, produced in respiration in the mitochondria, is required for living processes to occur within cells and organisms.
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4
Q

List three things organisms need energy for.

A

Organisms need energy for:

  • chemical reactions
  • muscle contraction
  • maintaining a constant temperature suitable for enzyme activity.
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5
Q

Define anaerobic and aerobic respiration

A
  • Aerobic Respiration — Takes place in the presence of oxygen.
  • Anaerobic Respiration –Takes place in the absence of oxygen.
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6
Q

Provide the word equation for aerobic respiration.

A

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

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7
Q

Provide the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.

A

Glucose → Lactic Acid

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8
Q

What is the practical method to investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide from respiring organisms?

A
  • Connect a flask with sodium hydroxide to absorb carbon dioxide
  • Connect it to a flask with a hydrogen carbonate indicator
  • observe the color change when respiring organisms produce carbon dioxide.
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9
Q

Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

A

Aerobic respiration:

  • oxygen
  • breaks down glucose completely
  • occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Anaerobic respiration:

  • without oxygen
  • breaks down glucose incompletely
  • occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
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10
Q

Provide the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration.

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

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11
Q

Name the substance produced when the starch is digested

A

Glucose

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12
Q

Explain why the number of live yeast cells decreases towards the end of the process

A
  • less glucose available for yeast to respire
  • Increase in ethanol
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13
Q

Explain what happens in the muscles when you exercise at a high intensity . (3 marks)

A
  • Heart/lungs cant supply enough oxygen
  • Less aerobic respiration/ATP produced and so more anaerobic respiration occurs
  • More lactic acid is produced which
    causes cramps
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13
Q

Suggest how the student could modify the apparatus to measure the rate of oxygen production more accurately

A

Use a gas syringe

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14
Q

Write a word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

Glucose –> Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy

15
Q

Describe how smoking damages the lungs.

A
  • Bacteria enters
  • Ciliated cells are damaged
  • Less SA
  • leads to cancer
  • less gas exchange
15
Q

Describe a test you could use to identify the gas produced when yeast respires anaerobically

A
  • limewater
  • Turns from clear to milky
16
Q

Suggest how carbon monoxide will increase the risk of producing a smaller baby.

A
  • less red blood cells
  • less oxygen
  • less respiration
17
Q

Explain why the oil layer prevents the entry of air into the glucose solution.

A
  • To keep out oxygen
  • To allow anaerobic respiration to occur
18
Q

What is the function of the cartilage in the trachea?

A

Prevents the collapse of the trachea

19
Q

What process depends on the actions of enzymes?

A
  • Digestion
  • Respiration
20
Q

After 10 minutes the limewater in flask B was cloudy, but the limewater in flask A remained colorless. Explain why.

A
  • Atmospheric air contains less carbon dioxide than exhaled air
  • Woodlice undergoes aerobic respiration and gives off carbon dioxide causing limewater in flask B to turn cloudy
21
Q

Flask A acts as a control in this investigation. What is the purpose of a control?

A

COMPARISON

22
Q

Describe the process of respiration which takes place in human beings when oxygen is not available and give an effect

A
  • Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration but it does this more quickly.
  • The product of this reaction is lactic acid.
  • This builds up in muscles causing pain and tiredness, which can lead to cramps
23
Q

Explain the colour change observed in test tube C

A
  • The leaf uses up carbon dioxide to undergo photosynthesis in light.
  • Leaves with less carbon dioxide and more oxygen. Therefore, the colour changed from orange (high Carbon Dioxide concentration) to red (low Carbon dioxide concentration)
24
Q

After two hours the colour of the indicator solution in this test tube remained orange. Why?

A
  • Photosynthesis occurs at the same rate as respiration.
  • Therefore, no change in colour was observed as the oxygen released and carbon dioxide released was equal.
25
Q

Suggest how she could measure her dependent variable

A

She could measure the volume of bubbles using a measuring cylinder

26
Q

Describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell

A
  • glucose is absorbed by diffusion into the bloodstream
  • then blood delivers glucose to muscles in capillaries
27
Q

Name the sub-cellular structures where aerobic respiration takes place.

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

Describe two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans.

Do not refer to oxygen in your answer

A
  • Anaerobic produces lactic acid and aerobic doesn’t
  • Aerobic produces water and anaerobic doesn’t
29
Q

Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide in the tube stayed the same between day 0 and day 5.

A
  • Pondweed takes in CO2 for photosynthesis
  • snail and pondweed are respiring producing CO2
30
Q

Suggest why the concentration of carbon dioxide increased between day 5 and day 10

A
  • There is no light, therefore, there is no photosynthesis
  • Plant is not taking in CO2.
31
Q

On day 10, the pond snail died.

Explain why the death of the pond snail caused the concentration of carbon dioxide to increase after day 10.

A
  • snail is being decayed
  • bacteria in snail
  • Therefore, respiration of bacteria releases CO2.

Structure and functions in living organisms (11 decks)

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