Respiration Flashcards
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What is respiration?
Respiration is an exothermic reaction taking place in cells to release energy in the form of ATP
What are the two types of respiration?
The two types of respiration are aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).
What are the waste products of respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What is ATP, and how is it related to respiration?
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of cells.
- ATP, produced in respiration in the mitochondria, is required for living processes to occur within cells and organisms.
List three things organisms need energy for.
Organisms need energy for:
- chemical reactions
- muscle contraction
- maintaining a constant temperature suitable for enzyme activity.
Define anaerobic and aerobic respiration
- Aerobic Respiration — Takes place in the presence of oxygen.
- Anaerobic Respiration –Takes place in the absence of oxygen.
Provide the word equation for aerobic respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
Provide the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.
Glucose → Lactic Acid
What is the practical method to investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide from respiring organisms?
- Connect a flask with sodium hydroxide to absorb carbon dioxide
- Connect it to a flask with a hydrogen carbonate indicator
- observe the color change when respiring organisms produce carbon dioxide.
Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration:
- oxygen
- breaks down glucose completely
- occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
Anaerobic respiration:
- without oxygen
- breaks down glucose incompletely
- occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Provide the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Name the substance produced when the starch is digested
Glucose
Explain why the number of live yeast cells decreases towards the end of the process
- less glucose available for yeast to respire
- Increase in ethanol
Explain what happens in the muscles when you exercise at a high intensity . (3 marks)
- Heart/lungs cant supply enough oxygen
- Less aerobic respiration/ATP produced and so more anaerobic respiration occurs
- More lactic acid is produced which
causes cramps
Suggest how the student could modify the apparatus to measure the rate of oxygen production more accurately
Use a gas syringe
Write a word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
Glucose –> Carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy
Describe how smoking damages the lungs.
- Bacteria enters
- Ciliated cells are damaged
- Less SA
- leads to cancer
- less gas exchange
Describe a test you could use to identify the gas produced when yeast respires anaerobically
- limewater
- Turns from clear to milky
Suggest how carbon monoxide will increase the risk of producing a smaller baby.
- less red blood cells
- less oxygen
- less respiration
Explain why the oil layer prevents the entry of air into the glucose solution.
- To keep out oxygen
- To allow anaerobic respiration to occur
What is the function of the cartilage in the trachea?
Prevents the collapse of the trachea
What process depends on the actions of enzymes?
- Digestion
- Respiration
After 10 minutes the limewater in flask B was cloudy, but the limewater in flask A remained colorless. Explain why.
- Atmospheric air contains less carbon dioxide than exhaled air
- Woodlice undergoes aerobic respiration and gives off carbon dioxide causing limewater in flask B to turn cloudy
Flask A acts as a control in this investigation. What is the purpose of a control?
COMPARISON
