respiration Flashcards
what 3 stages does aerobic respiration consist of?
Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain
what is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate called?
Glycolysis
where does glycolysis take place ?
cytoplasm
what is produced when ADP and Pi join?
ATP
what enzyme catalyses the production of ATP?
ATP synthase
what is the six-carbon compound found at the start of glycolysis called?
Glucose
what three-carbon compound is produced in glycolysis?
pyruvate
what happens in the energy investment stage?
(2) ATP are broken down which results in phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
what happens in the energy pay off stage?
there is a net again of (2) ATP
what enzyme removes hydrogen ions and their electrons from substrates during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
Dehydrogenase
what coenzyme binds to hydrogen ions and their electrons and takes it the electron transport chain?
NAD
what is pyruvate converted to in the presence of oxygen?
Acetyl
what is the name of the circular pathway of reactions, which pyruvate enters?
Citric acid cycle
where does the citric acid cycle take place?
matrix of the mitochondria
what combined with oxaloacetate to produce citrate?
Acetylene coenzyme A
what four-carbon compound combines with acetyl coenzyme A to produce citrate?
Oxaloacetate
what is the electron transport chain?
A series of membrane-bound proteins
in which organelle is the electron transport chain is located?
inner mitochondrial membrane
what flows through the inner mitochondrial membrane, causing the production of ATP by ATP synthases?
hydrogen ions
what combines with hydrogen and electrons to form water at the end of the electron transport chain?
oxygen
name the product of pyruvate breakdown when no oxygen is present?
Lactate
which muscle fibres are used by marathon runners?
slow twitch
describe a fast twitch muscle fibre contraction
contract relatively quickly, over short periods
what type of muscle fibre is used by weight lifters?
fast twitch
