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biology > respiration > Flashcards

respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what 3 stages does aerobic respiration consist of?

A

Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

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2
Q

what is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate called?

A

Glycolysis

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3
Q

where does glycolysis take place ?

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

what is produced when ADP and Pi join?

A

ATP

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5
Q

what enzyme catalyses the production of ATP?

A

ATP synthase

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6
Q

what is the six-carbon compound found at the start of glycolysis called?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

what three-carbon compound is produced in glycolysis?

A

pyruvate

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8
Q

what happens in the energy investment stage?

A

(2) ATP are broken down which results in phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates

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9
Q

what happens in the energy pay off stage?

A

there is a net again of (2) ATP

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10
Q

what enzyme removes hydrogen ions and their electrons from substrates during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A

Dehydrogenase

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11
Q

what coenzyme binds to hydrogen ions and their electrons and takes it the electron transport chain?

A

NAD

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12
Q

what is pyruvate converted to in the presence of oxygen?

A

Acetyl

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13
Q

what is the name of the circular pathway of reactions, which pyruvate enters?

A

Citric acid cycle

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14
Q

where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

matrix of the mitochondria

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15
Q

what combined with oxaloacetate to produce citrate?

A

Acetylene coenzyme A

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16
Q

what four-carbon compound combines with acetyl coenzyme A to produce citrate?

A

Oxaloacetate

17
Q

what is the electron transport chain?

A

A series of membrane-bound proteins

18
Q

in which organelle is the electron transport chain is located?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

19
Q

what flows through the inner mitochondrial membrane, causing the production of ATP by ATP synthases?

A

hydrogen ions

20
Q

what combines with hydrogen and electrons to form water at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

oxygen

21
Q

name the product of pyruvate breakdown when no oxygen is present?

A

Lactate

22
Q

which muscle fibres are used by marathon runners?

A

slow twitch

23
Q

describe a fast twitch muscle fibre contraction

A

contract relatively quickly, over short periods

24
Q

what type of muscle fibre is used by weight lifters?

A

fast twitch

25
Q

name the storage fuel of slow twitch muscle fibres

A

fats

26
Q

same the storage fuel of fast twitch muscle fibres

A

glycogen

27
Q

describe slow twitch muscle fibres contraction

A

contract relatively slowly, but can sustain contractions

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