Respiration

Question 1

In substrate-linked reaction ATP is made by

Answer 1

adding a phosphate group directly from a ‘phosphorylated compound to an ADP molecule

Question 2

Enzymes in lactate and ethanol fermentation respectively

Answer 2

Lactate dehydrogenase (reversible) and Ethanol dehydrogenase

Question 3

Role of acetyl coA in respiration

Answer 3

carrier of acetyl group/acetate to the Krebs cycle/oxaloacetate

Question 4

Lipids have higher energy value than carbohydrates

Answer 4

more C-H producing more reduced NAD, more aerobic respiration producing more ATP per gram of molecule

Question 5

Presence of numerous capillaries in slow twitch fibres

Answer 5

To supply enough oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation to occur producing greater no. of ATP. To avoid build up of lactate/carbon dioxide and to avoid fatigue

Question 6

Pathway comparison of Lactate and Ethanol

Answer 6

SIMILARITIES: reduced NAD used in both and glycolysis continues in both.
DIFFERENCES: Decarboxylation in yeast and no decarboxylation in mammalian; Yeast irreversible and Ethanol reversible; Yeast 2-step and Ethanol 1-step; Yeast Ethanal accepts H+ and Ethanol accepts H+; Ethanol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase