respiration Flashcards
label and draw diagram of the:
- entire human respiratory system
- upper respiratory tract
- lower resp tract
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nasal passages function (5)
- passageway for respiration
- receptors for smell
- filters incoming air to filter large and foreign material
- moistens and warms incoming air
- resonating chambers for voice
nostrils structure and function 2
- has hairs that act as filters
- mucous traps particles and keeps lining moist
mouth function
allows larger volume of air to be transported
pharynx structure and function (location, uses) 2
- airspace at the back of the mouth and nasal cavity
- common to both digestive and respiratory system
difference between esophagus and trachea
eso- to stomach
trac- to lungs
epiglottis structure and function 3
- flap of cartilage that is behind the tongue and in front of larynx.
- closes over trachea when swallowing
- prevents food and liquid from going into trachea
U/n– u tongue, n larynx, / epiglottis
Larynx structure and contains stuff 4
- adams apple
- voice box
- ABOVE vocal cords are apart of upper resp tract, below apart of lower
- contains vocal cords.
what is apart of upper resp tract 6
- nasal passage
- nostril
- pharynx
- mouth
- epiglottis
- larynx (upper vocal cords)
what is apart of lower resp tract 8
- trachea
- lungs
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- pleural membrane
- diaphragm
- rib muscles
- alveoli
trachea function 3
(windpipe)
- transports air to and from lungs
- c-shaped cartilage keeps trachea open
- covered in cilia with mucous
lungs function
- transports air to alveoli for gas exchange
how many lobes are on each lung
2 lobes on left
3 on right
they are kind of like sections
bronchioles definition, structure, and function 3
- they’re smaller and finer branches that branch into the lung
- lined w cilia and mucous to eject dust and pathogens
- particles are trapped by hairs and mucous
function of cilia in the bronchioles 2
- bronchioles are lined w mucous to eject dust and other pathogens
- they beat UPWARDS, moving mucous, dust, and other particles back up to the pharynx where it can be harked out.
bronchi definition
trachea branches into two ways (the bronchis) which then branch into lungs.
pleural membrane structure and function
- double-layered membrane surrounding the lung
- fluid in between layers
- reduces friction between lungs and ribs
diaphragm definition, location, and function 3
- dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
- used in breathing process
- below the lungs
intercoastal muscles function and structure 2
(rib muscles)
- found between the ribs
- help in breathing process
alveoli function and structure 5
- point of gas exchange
- air sacs at the end of bronchioles
- single layer of cells!!
- surrounded by capillaries
- purpose is to increase SA for gas exchange
how many alveoli are there per lung
150M
what is the approx diameter size for alveoli
0.1 - 0.2mm in diameter
draw diagram for alveoli and label gases exchanged
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what air is transported through the alveoli? what is going in and out?
in alveoli, out blood plasma- co2. blue blood vessels.
out alveoli, into blood plasma- o2. red blood vessels.
what are capillaries?
blood vessels that are one cell thick
pulmonary vein vs artery
vein- red capillary. contains o2. one branch that kind of connects all the capillaries. is around the alveoli
artery- blue capillary. lack of o2. one branch that also connects all capillaries. around alveoli
gases diffuse according to their…
partial (preferred) pressures
external respiration meaning
gases exchanged between air and blood through DIFFUSION (high to low concentration).
gases between lungs and environment (breathing in air down to lungs)
internal respiration meaning
gases exchanged between blood and tissues
gases between blood and cell (alveoli and blood)
facilitated diffusion meaning and function
when proteins carry the oxygen across (speeds up gas exchange)
- remember its along their concentration gradient, hence the diffusion
=====0 0====(|o|)=====
oxygen transport 2
- o2 bounds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
- OR dissolved in blood plasma
co2 transport 3
- bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
- dissolved in blood plasma
- OR in the form of plasma bicarbonate