respiration

Question 1

what stages are included in aerobic respiration

Answer 1

glycolysis
link reaction
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

what stages are included in anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

glycolysis

lactase fermentation or ethanol fermentation

Question 3

where does glycolysis occur and what does it achieve

Answer 3

cytoplasm of mitochondria

x2 pyruvates
x2 ATP
x4 NADred

Question 4

outline glycolysis

Answer 4

1. phosphorylation of glucose twice, one phosphate group on each end (uses x2 ATP)
2. hexose bisphosphate made
3. bond weakened and broken forming 2x triose phosphates
4. substrate level phosphorylation occurs x4
5. reduction of NAD+ x2

Question 5

where does the link reaction occur and what does it achieve

Answer 5

mitochondrial matrix

2x acetyl coA
2x redNAD
2x co2

Question 6

outline the link reaction

Answer 6

1. 2x pyruvates undergo decarboxylation 2x
2. undergoes dehydrogenation (reduction of NAD+ 2x)
3. 2x acetate made
4. coenzyme A + acetate –> acetyl coA

Question 7

where does the krebs cycle occur and what does it achieve

Answer 7

mitochondrial matrix

per 2 cycles:
x6 redNAD
x2 redFAD
x4 CO2
x2 ATP

Question 8

outline the krebs cycle

Answer 8

1. acetyl coA enters and binds w oxaloacetate to form citrate
2. releases CO2 and NADred
3. releases CO2 and NADred
4. substrate level phosphorylation
5. FADred
6. NADred
7. oxaloacetate is regenerated

two cycles per glucose

Question 9

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur and what does it achieve

Answer 9

inner mitochondrial membrane

ATP
water

Question 10

outline oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 10

1. NADred –> NAD+ and H atoms –> H+ and e-
2. electrons pass down a series of electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain
3. flow of electrons releases energy
4. creates a proton gradient
5. chemiomosis: ATP synthesized as protons (H+) rush through stalked particle from intermembrane to matrix