Respiration Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
An exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy which can be used by cells.
What are the equations for aerobic respiration (word and symbol)?
Word: glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
Symbol: C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria.
Why do organisms require the energy released by respiration?
- Synthesis of larger molecules.
- Muscle contraction.
- Maintenance of body temperature.
- Active transport.
What is anaerobic respiration?
An exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
Glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is transferred.
What is fermentation?
A type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells.
What is the equation for fermentation?
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
Why is the fermentation reaction important?
it is used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks.
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
- Aerobic requires oxygen: anaerobic does not.
- Aerobic produces CO2 and water: anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol + CO2.
How do muscles store glucose?
As glycogen.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or an organism.
How do cells use the energy transferred by respiration?
To continuously carry out enzyme-controlled processes which lead to the synthesis of new molecules.
Give examples of metabolic reactions
- Glucose into starch/glycogen/cellulose.
- Glycerol and fatty acids into lipids.
- Glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids.
- Photosynthesis.
- Respiration.
- Breakdown of excess proteins into urea.
