Respiration Flashcards
What is the purpose of respiration?
To convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP
Write the aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Where does respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What are the names of the three stages of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
What happens during glycolysis, where does it occur, what are the products and how much ATP is produced?
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Converts glucose into pyruvate
A little ATP is produced
Where does Krebs Cycle occur, what are the products and how much ATP is produced?
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Carbon dioxide is produced
A little ATP is produced
Explain how the matrix in the mitochondria is designed to increase the rate of respiration
The conditions in the matrix are optimum for enzyme activity as these control the rate of respiration
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur, what are the products and how much ATP is produced?
Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria
Lots of ATP is produced
Water produced as well
Explain how the cristae is designed to increase the rate of respiration
The cristae are the folds of the inner membrane. This increases the surface area to allow more surface for chemical reactions and hence ATP production
What cells would typically have large amounts of mitochondria and why?
Sperm cells - need energy for movement
Muscle cells - need energy to contract and relax quickly
Epithelial cells - need energy for active transport
What cells would typically have no mitochondria?
Red blood cells - blood moves the cells so doesn’t need energy for movement
Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast
glucose –> lactic acid (animals)
glucose –> ethanol and carbon dioxide (yeast)
Compare the amount of ATP produced in aerobic vs anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic because it stops in the cytoplasm and doesn’t occur in the mitochondria. This would lead to less energy being available to the organism
Is respiration controlled by enzymes?
Yes
State factors that slow the rate of respiration?
Less oxygen (anaerobic) Lower concentrations of substrates i.e. glucose
Lower temperature
pH outside the optimum
Enzyme inhibitors present
