Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of respiration?

A

To convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP

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2
Q

Write the aerobic respiration equation

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

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3
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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4
Q

What are the names of the three stages of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

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5
Q

What happens during glycolysis, where does it occur, what are the products and how much ATP is produced?

A

Occurs in the cytoplasm
Converts glucose into pyruvate

A little ATP is produced

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6
Q

Where does Krebs Cycle occur, what are the products and how much ATP is produced?

A

Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Carbon dioxide is produced

A little ATP is produced

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7
Q

Explain how the matrix in the mitochondria is designed to increase the rate of respiration

A

The conditions in the matrix are optimum for enzyme activity as these control the rate of respiration

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8
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur, what are the products and how much ATP is produced?

A

Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria
Lots of ATP is produced

Water produced as well

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9
Q

Explain how the cristae is designed to increase the rate of respiration

A

The cristae are the folds of the inner membrane. This increases the surface area to allow more surface for chemical reactions and hence ATP production

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10
Q

What cells would typically have large amounts of mitochondria and why?

A

Sperm cells - need energy for movement
Muscle cells - need energy to contract and relax quickly

Epithelial cells - need energy for active transport

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11
Q

What cells would typically have no mitochondria?

A

Red blood cells - blood moves the cells so doesn’t need energy for movement

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12
Q

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast

A

glucose –> lactic acid (animals)

glucose –> ethanol and carbon dioxide (yeast)

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13
Q

Compare the amount of ATP produced in aerobic vs anaerobic respiration

A

Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic because it stops in the cytoplasm and doesn’t occur in the mitochondria. This would lead to less energy being available to the organism

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14
Q

Is respiration controlled by enzymes?

A

Yes

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15
Q

State factors that slow the rate of respiration?

A
Less oxygen (anaerobic)
Lower concentrations of substrates i.e. glucose

Lower temperature
pH outside the optimum
Enzyme inhibitors present

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