Respiration Flashcards
It is the act of breathing.
Respiration
Refers to the intake of air into the lungs
Inhalation or inspiration
Refers to breathing out or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere
Exhalation or expiration
It is also used to refer to the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
What are the two types of breathing?
Costal (thoracic) breathing and diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing
This involves the external intercostal muscles and other accessory muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles. It can be observed by the movement of the chest upward and outward.
Costal (thoracic) breathing
It involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, and it is observed by the movement of the abdomen, which occurs as a result of the diaphragm’s contraction and downward movement.
Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing
What occurs when diaphragm contracts (flattens), the ribs move upward and outward, and the sternum moves outward, thus enlarging the thorax and permitting the lungs to expand?
Inhalation
What occurs when the diaphragm relaxes, the ribs move downward and inward, and the sternum moves inward, thus decreasing the size of the thorax as the lungs are compressed?
Exhalation
It refers to abnormally slow respirations.
Bradypnea
It refers to abnormally fast respirations.
Tachypnea
It is the absence of breathing.
Apnea
These factors increase the respiratory rate.
Exercise, stress, increased environmental temperature, lowered oxygen concentration at increased levels
These factors decrease the respiratory rate.
Decreased environmental temperature, certain medications (narcotics), increased intracranial pressure
How many mL of air does an adult take in a normal inspiration and expiration?
About 500 mL of air (called as the tidal volume)
