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Resps > Respa Pharmacology 1: Pharmacological Agents In Bronchial Asthma And COPD > Flashcards

Respa Pharmacology 1: Pharmacological Agents In Bronchial Asthma And COPD Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: common respiratory diseases associated with a troublesome cough.

A

Asthma and COPD.

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2
Q

Definition: a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by episodes of acute bronchoconstriction.

A

Asthma.

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3
Q

List 5 causes of asthma?

A

1- shortness of breath.
2- cough.
3- chest tightness.
4- wheezing.
5- rapid respiration.

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4
Q

List 4 triggers of asthma attacks?

A

1- exposure to allergens.
2- exercise.
3- stress.
4- respiratory infections.

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5
Q

After trigger, mast cell degranulation releases mediators such as what?

A

Histamine, proteolytic enzymes, TNF-alpha, LTs, PGs, and PAF.

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6
Q

List the 5 classifications of asthma drugs?

A

1- Bronchodilators.
2- Corticosteriods.
3- Leukotriene modifiers.
4- Mast cell stabilizers.
5- Monoclonal antibodies.

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7
Q

List the 3 groups of bronchodilators?

A

1- Adrenergic agonists.
2- Methylxanthines.
3- Anticholinergics.

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8
Q

List 3 examples of bronchodilator adrenergic agonists?

A

1- Salbutamol.
2- Salmeterol.
3- Formoterol.

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9
Q

List 2 examples of bronchodilator methylxanthines?

A

1- Theophylline.
2- Aminophylline.

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10
Q

Where are methylzantines found?

A

In tea, coffee and chocolates.
(Things that have caffeine).

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11
Q

List 2 examples of bronchodilator anticholinergics?

A

1- Ipratropium bromide.
2- Tiotropium bromide.

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12
Q

List the 2 groups of corticosteriods?

A

1- Inhalational.
2- Systemic.

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13
Q

List 3 examples of inhalational corticosteriods?

A

1- Beclomethasone.
2- Budesonide.
3- Fluticasone.

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14
Q

List 2 examples of systemic corticosteriods?

A

1- Hydrocortisone.
2- Prednisolone.

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15
Q

List 3 examples of leukotriene modifiers?

A

1- Montelukast.
2- Zafirlukast.
3- Zileuton.

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16
Q

List 2 examples of mast cell stabilizers?

A

1- sodium cromoglycate.
2- ketotifen.

17
Q

List an example of monoclonal antibodies?

A

Omalizumab.

18
Q

List the routes of administration of beta 2 adrenergic agonists?

A

Given via inhalation or orally.
Parenteral preparation can be used in emergency.

19
Q

How do beta 2 adrenergic agonists work?

A

Direct acting beta-2 agonists are potent bronchodilators that relax airway smooth muscle.

20
Q

Which asthma drugs are used for quick relief and long term control?

A

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists.

21
Q

List the 2 classifications of beta 2 adrenergic agonists in asthma?

A

1- short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (SABA).
2- long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (LABA).

22
Q

List 2 examples of short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (SABA) in asthma?

A

1- salbutamol (albuterol).
2- levalbuterol.

23
Q

List 2 examples of long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (LABA) in asthma?

A

1- salmeterol.
2- formoterol.

24
Q

Which LABA are used for quick relief of asthma attack?

A

Formoterol.

25
Q

Which adrenergic agonists are used for symptomatic treatment of bronchospasm?

A

SABA.

26
Q

What is the duration of action of SABA?

A

Rapid onset of action (5-30 mins).

27
Q

What is the duration of relief of SABA?

A

Provide relief for 4-6 hrs.

28
Q

Which drugs should all asthma patients receive for use as needed?

A

SABA inhalers.

29
Q

Which asthma drugs are used as monotherapy for mild, intermittent asthma or exercise-induced for persistent asthma?

A

SABA.

30
Q

Why shouldn’t SABA be used as monotherapy for persistent asthma?

A

No anti-inflammatory effects.

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of SABA?

A

Tremors are occasionally seen.

32
Q

Adverse effects are minimized with delivery via which route?

A

Inhalation.

33
Q

LABA provide bronchodilation for how long?

A

At least 12 hrs.

34
Q

LABA are not used for what?

A

1- should not be used to terminate an acute attack (slower onset of action).
2- should not be used as monotherapy (downregulation of receptors).

35
Q

How is LABA therapy used?

A

Used as adjunctive therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).

36
Q

Which drug therapy are used for attaining asthma control in moderate to severe asthma?

A

LABA and ICS.

37
Q

Which drug combination can be used for quick relief?

A

ICS/formoterol.

38
Q

Which drugs are used as first choice in patients with any degree of persistent asthma?

A

Inhaled corticosteriods (ICS).

39
Q

List 6 examples of ICS?

A

1- Beclomethasone.
2- Budesonide.
3- Ciclesonide.
4- Fluticasone.
5- Mometasone.
6- Triamcinolone.

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