Respa Pharmacology 1: Pharmacological Agents In Bronchial Asthma And COPD

Question 1

Definition: common respiratory diseases associated with a troublesome cough.

Answer 1

Asthma and COPD.

Question 2

Definition: a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by episodes of acute bronchoconstriction.

Answer 2

Asthma.

Question 3

List 5 causes of asthma?

Answer 3

1- shortness of breath.
2- cough.
3- chest tightness.
4- wheezing.
5- rapid respiration.

Question 4

List 4 triggers of asthma attacks?

Answer 4

1- exposure to allergens.
2- exercise.
3- stress.
4- respiratory infections.

Question 5

After trigger, mast cell degranulation releases mediators such as what?

Answer 5

Histamine, proteolytic enzymes, TNF-alpha, LTs, PGs, and PAF.

Question 6

List the 5 classifications of asthma drugs?

Answer 6

1- Bronchodilators.
2- Corticosteriods.
3- Leukotriene modifiers.
4- Mast cell stabilizers.
5- Monoclonal antibodies.

Question 7

List the 3 groups of bronchodilators?

Answer 7

1- Adrenergic agonists.
2- Methylxanthines.
3- Anticholinergics.

Question 8

List 3 examples of bronchodilator adrenergic agonists?

Answer 8

1- Salbutamol.
2- Salmeterol.
3- Formoterol.

Question 9

List 2 examples of bronchodilator methylxanthines?

Answer 9

1- Theophylline.
2- Aminophylline.

Question 10

Where are methylzantines found?

Answer 10

In tea, coffee and chocolates.
(Things that have caffeine).

Question 11

List 2 examples of bronchodilator anticholinergics?

Answer 11

1- Ipratropium bromide.
2- Tiotropium bromide.

Question 12

List the 2 groups of corticosteriods?

Answer 12

1- Inhalational.
2- Systemic.

Question 13

List 3 examples of inhalational corticosteriods?

Answer 13

1- Beclomethasone.
2- Budesonide.
3- Fluticasone.

Question 14

List 2 examples of systemic corticosteriods?

Answer 14

1- Hydrocortisone.
2- Prednisolone.

Question 15

List 3 examples of leukotriene modifiers?

Answer 15

1- Montelukast.
2- Zafirlukast.
3- Zileuton.

Question 16

List 2 examples of mast cell stabilizers?

Answer 16

1- sodium cromoglycate.
2- ketotifen.

Question 17

List an example of monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 17

Omalizumab.

Question 18

List the routes of administration of beta 2 adrenergic agonists?

Answer 18

Given via inhalation or orally.
Parenteral preparation can be used in emergency.

Question 19

How do beta 2 adrenergic agonists work?

Answer 19

Direct acting beta-2 agonists are potent bronchodilators that relax airway smooth muscle.

Question 20

Which asthma drugs are used for quick relief and long term control?

Answer 20

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists.

Question 21

List the 2 classifications of beta 2 adrenergic agonists in asthma?

Answer 21

1- short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (SABA).
2- long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (LABA).

Question 22

List 2 examples of short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (SABA) in asthma?

Answer 22

1- salbutamol (albuterol).
2- levalbuterol.

Question 23

List 2 examples of long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists (LABA) in asthma?

Answer 23

1- salmeterol.
2- formoterol.

Question 24

Which LABA are used for quick relief of asthma attack?

Answer 24

Formoterol.

Question 25

Which adrenergic agonists are used for symptomatic treatment of bronchospasm?

Answer 25

SABA.

Question 26

What is the duration of action of SABA?

Answer 26

Rapid onset of action (5-30 mins).

Question 27

What is the duration of relief of SABA?

Answer 27

Provide relief for 4-6 hrs.

Question 28

Which drugs should all asthma patients receive for use as needed?

Answer 28

SABA inhalers.

Question 29

Which asthma drugs are used as monotherapy for mild, intermittent asthma or exercise-induced for persistent asthma?

Answer 29

SABA.

Question 30

Why shouldn’t SABA be used as monotherapy for persistent asthma?

Answer 30

No anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 31

What are the adverse effects of SABA?

Answer 31

Tremors are occasionally seen.

Question 32

Adverse effects are minimized with delivery via which route?

Answer 32

Inhalation.

Question 33

LABA provide bronchodilation for how long?

Answer 33

At least 12 hrs.

Question 34

LABA are not used for what?

Answer 34

1- should not be used to terminate an acute attack (slower onset of action). 2- should not be used as monotherapy (downregulation of receptors).

Question 35

How is LABA therapy used?

Answer 35

Used as adjunctive therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).

Question 36

Which drug therapy are used for attaining asthma control in moderate to severe asthma?

Answer 36

LABA and ICS.

Question 37

Which drug combination can be used for quick relief?

Answer 37

ICS/formoterol.

Question 38

Which drugs are used as first choice in patients with any degree of persistent asthma?

Answer 38

Inhaled corticosteriods (ICS).

Question 39

List 6 examples of ICS?

Answer 39

1- Beclomethasone. 2- Budesonide. 3- Ciclesonide. 4- Fluticasone. 5- Mometasone. 6- Triamcinolone.