Resp_L01_Flashcards

Question 1

How far up the body do lung apexes extend?

Answer 1

Into root of neck (above clavicle)

Question 2

How far down do the bases of lungs and visceral pleura extend in the mid-clavicular line? In the mid-axillary line? In the paravertebral line?

Answer 2

Rib 6, rib 8, & rib 10.

Question 3

How far down do the bases of parietal pleura extend in the mid-clavicular line? In the mid-axillary line? In the paravertebral line?

Answer 3

Rib 8, rib 10, & rib 12.

Question 4

What are the 6 histological components of the trachea?

Answer 4

Superficial to deep: respiratory epithelium, basal lamina, lamina propria, submucosa with glands, perichondrium, and hyaline cartilage.

Question 5

What are the 5 substances secreted by glands in the submucosa of the respiratory epithelium of the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Answer 5

Mucins, lactoferrin (bacteriostatic), lysozymes (bacteriostatic), IgA (antibody), and alpha1-antitrypsin/other protease inhibitors

Question 6

What are the 5 modifications made to the respiratory membrane in a patient with asthma?

Answer 6

Increased mucus, increased thickness of basal lamina, increased thickness of lamina propria due to edema and emigration of inflammatory cells, increased thickness of muscularis, increased glands in submucosa.

Question 7

What is the Reid index? What value represents a “normal” Reid index? What does a Reid index of >0.5 represent?

Answer 7

Reid index is the ratio of bc (width of submucosa) to ad (distance between basement membrane to cartilage). Normal value is 0.5 indicates chronic bronchitis.

Question 8

What are the four main features of a bronchiole?

Question 9

What three cells make up an alveolus?

Answer 9

Type I pneumocytes, Type II pneumocytes, and alveolar macrophages.