resp + vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis:

  • risk factors? 6
  • commonest type?
A
  • cigarette smoke
  • exposure to pollutants (silica, asbestos)
  • certain viral infections
  • adverse drug reaction
  • FH/genetics
  • GORD

majority are idiopathic!!

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2
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis:

  • pulmonary symptoms? 2
  • systemic symptoms? 3
  • signs? 3
A
  • dry cough
  • progressive exertion dyspnoea
  • malaise
  • weight loss
  • arthralgia
  • cyanosis
  • finger clubbing (seen in 2/3rds)
  • fine end-inspiratory crackles
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3
Q

pulmonary fibrosis:

  • blood tests? 4
  • other investigations (incl findings)? 3
A
  • ABG (low O2)
  • raised CRP
  • ANA (+ve in 30%)
  • rheumatoid facotr (+ve in 10%)

CXR

  • initially ‘ground glass’ appearance (late = honeycomb lung)
  • mainly in lower lobes
  • decreased lung volume

CT
- similar to CXR, essential for diagnosis

spirometry
- restrictive disease pattern

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4
Q

pulmonary fibrosis:

  • management?
  • complications?
  • prognosis?
A

supportive care

  • oxygen
  • pulmonary rehabilitation
  • opiates
  • palliative inputs
  • biologics and DMARDs may be of help
  • lung transplant (if appropriate)
  • respiratory failure
  • cor pulmonale
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • 50% 5yr survival
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5
Q

femoral arterial embolism:

  • risk factors?
  • symptoms/signs? 6
  • treatment?
A

cardiovascular risk factors

  • HTN
  • diabetes
  • high cholesterol
  • reduced activity
  • obesity
  • FH

6Ps of acute limb ischaemia

  • perishingly cold
  • pale
  • pulseless
  • painful
  • parasthesia
  • paralysis
  • thrombolytic drugs (e.g. rTPA)
  • surgery if large
  • aspirin etc

do secondary prevention

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