resp + vascular Flashcards
1
Q
Pulmonary fibrosis:
- risk factors? 6
- commonest type?
A
- cigarette smoke
- exposure to pollutants (silica, asbestos)
- certain viral infections
- adverse drug reaction
- FH/genetics
- GORD
majority are idiopathic!!
2
Q
Pulmonary fibrosis:
- pulmonary symptoms? 2
- systemic symptoms? 3
- signs? 3
A
- dry cough
- progressive exertion dyspnoea
- malaise
- weight loss
- arthralgia
- cyanosis
- finger clubbing (seen in 2/3rds)
- fine end-inspiratory crackles
3
Q
pulmonary fibrosis:
- blood tests? 4
- other investigations (incl findings)? 3
A
- ABG (low O2)
- raised CRP
- ANA (+ve in 30%)
- rheumatoid facotr (+ve in 10%)
CXR
- initially ‘ground glass’ appearance (late = honeycomb lung)
- mainly in lower lobes
- decreased lung volume
CT
- similar to CXR, essential for diagnosis
spirometry
- restrictive disease pattern
4
Q
pulmonary fibrosis:
- management?
- complications?
- prognosis?
A
supportive care
- oxygen
- pulmonary rehabilitation
- opiates
- palliative inputs
- biologics and DMARDs may be of help
- lung transplant (if appropriate)
- respiratory failure
- cor pulmonale
- pulmonary hypertension
- 50% 5yr survival
5
Q
femoral arterial embolism:
- risk factors?
- symptoms/signs? 6
- treatment?
A
cardiovascular risk factors
- HTN
- diabetes
- high cholesterol
- reduced activity
- obesity
- FH
6Ps of acute limb ischaemia
- perishingly cold
- pale
- pulseless
- painful
- parasthesia
- paralysis
- thrombolytic drugs (e.g. rTPA)
- surgery if large
- aspirin etc
do secondary prevention