Resp revision 1 Flashcards
Division of bronchial carcinoma
Small cell and Non-small cell
Characteristics of small cell carcinoma
Arises from endocrine cells and is associated with paraneoplastic symptoms caused by the release of peptide hormones. +++ aggressive, responds well to chemotherapy initially.
Sub-divisions of NSCLC
Squamous cell carcinoma (35%), Adenocarcinoma (20%) and Large Cell carcinoma (20%). Bronchoalveolar cell carcinomas are very rare (1%)
Other things to remember about NSCLC
SCC metastasises late and is cavitating. ++Smokers. Adenocarcinoma ++non smokers, asbestos. LCC metastasise early.
Type II respiratory failure causes
Low pH and increased bicarbonate
Define a Ghon focus
A primary TB lesion seen on CXR. Often in kids, reactivation of this lesion will lead to reactivation.
The most harmful form of asbestos
Crocodilite (blue) is more harmful than chrysotile (white).
Side effect of Isoniazid
Neuropathy and hepatitis
Safe location for insertion of a chest drain
Fifth intercostal space, mid-axillary line
DEPRESS mnemonic for Resp. Acidosis
Drugs, oEdema, Pneumonia, Respiratory centre in brain, Emboli, Spasms (asthma), Sac elasticity (Emphysema, COPD)
TACHYPNEA mnemonic for Resp. Alkalosis
Temperature (up), Aspirin, Controlled ventilation (excessive), Hyperventilation, hYsteria, Pain, Neurological, Embolism, Asthma
Cor Pulmonale caused by
Pulmonary hypertension caused by under ventilation of alveoli and resulting vasoconstriction
Cause of Guillane-Barre syndrome
Post infective, often by Campylobacter Jejuni or Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.
Symptoms of GB syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy which may progress to respiratory failure. Usually takes 6 weeks to resolve and may require mechanical ventilation.
Aspergillus fungi associated with (CXR)
Air cresent sign
