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Lungs First Aid USMLE 2013 > Resp Pharm > Flashcards

Resp Pharm Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Mech: Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that binds mostly unbound serum IgE.

A

Omalizumab mechanism of action?

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2
Q

Used for Severe asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting Beta2 agonists.

A

Omalizumab

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3
Q

First generation H1 receptor antagonist. Prevents G(q) activation.

A

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine, Meclizine, Promethazine

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4
Q

Used for Allergies, motion sickness, sleep aid, nausea/vomiting. Acute extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics, Parkinson’s disease.

A

Diphenhydramine

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5
Q

Used For Motion sickness.

A

Meclizine

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6
Q

Allergies, motion sickness, sleep aid, nausea/vomiting.

A

Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine, Promethazine, Promethazine uses?

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7
Q

Sedation, antimuscarinic effects (increase AV node conduction, drowsiness, constipation, dilated pupils, bronchodilation), anti-alpha-adrenergic effects (hypotension).

A

Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine, Meclizine side, Diphenhydramine effects?

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8
Q

Second generation H1 receptor antagonist. Prevents G(q) activation.

A

Loratidine, Fexofenadine, Deslortadine, Cetirizine,

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9
Q

Used for Allergies.

A

Deslortadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine uses?

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10
Q

SE: Far less sedating than first generation H1 antagonists because of decreased CNS penetration. Do not cross BBB and don’t have anti-muscarinic effects.

A

Deslortadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine

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11
Q

Mech: Nonspecific} beta adrenergic agonist.

A

Isoproterenol

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12
Q

Used For: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta 2).

A

Isoproterenol

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13
Q

SE: Tachycardia (beta 1).

A

Isoproterenol side

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14
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists.

A

Albuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol

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15
Q

Used for Acute asthma.

A

Albuterol

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16
Q

Used for: Long-acting agent for asthma prophylaxis.

A

Salmeterol

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17
Q

SE: Tremor, arrhythmia.

A

Salmeterol

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18
Q

Mech: Inhibits phosphodiesterase thus increasing cAMP. Adenosine antagonist.

A

Aminophylline , Theophylline (Methylxanthines)

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19
Q

Used for: IV form used for termination of status asthmaticus (due to beta desensitization)….as a bronchodilator

A

Aminophylline

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20
Q

SE: Narrow therapeutic index (metabolized by liver). Cardiotoxic (tachycardia, arrhythmias) and neurotoxic.

A

Aminophylline, Theophylline

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21
Q

Used for: Bronchodilator; used for asthma and COPD.

A

Theophylline

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22
Q

Mech: Competitive muscarinic antagonist.

A

Ipratropium

23
Q

Used for: Prevents bronchoconstriciton; used for asthma and COPD. DRUG OF CHOICE IF YOU ARE ON BETA BLOCKERS.**

A

Ipratropium

24
Q

Mech: Prevents release of mediators from mast cells (decrease histamine release).

A

Cromolyn, nedocromil

25
Q

Used for: Prophylaxis against asthma. Not effective for an acute asthmatic attack. Generally used for seasonal allergies, Hay fever because they are OTC.

A

Cromolyn, nedocromil

26
Q

SE: Toxicity is rare; throat irritation and cough (triggers asthma attack relieved in beta 2 agonist).

A

Cromolyn, nedocromil

27
Q
  • Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines

- Inactivates NF-kappa B: the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha.

A

Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Prednisone

28
Q

First line for chronic asthma.

A

Beclomethasone, Prednisone

29
Q
  • 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor.

- Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.

A

Zileuton

30
Q

Used for Asthma, COPD.

A

Zileuton

31
Q

SE: Monitor liver function.

A

Zileuton

32
Q

Mech: Leukotriene antagonist.

A

Zafirlukast, montelukast

33
Q

Used for: Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.

A

Zafirlukast, montelukast

34
Q

SE: Immunosuppression via decreased neutrophil chemotaxis (LTB4). Associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome.

A

Zafirlukast, montelukast

35
Q

Mech: Expectorant.

A

Guaifenesin

36
Q

Used to: Thins respiratory secretions Does not supress cough reflex.

A

Guaifenesin

37
Q

Mech: Mucolytic.

A

N-acetylcysteine

38
Q

Used for: Loosens mucous plugs in cystic fibrosis patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.

A

N-acetylcysteine

39
Q

Mech: Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance.

A

Bosentan

40
Q

Used for Pulmonary hypertension (drug of choice).

A

Bosentan

41
Q

Mech: Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors; codeine analog.

A

Dextromethorphan

42
Q

Mech: Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors)

A

Dextromethorphan

43
Q

SE: Treat overdose with naloxone.

A

Dextromethorphan

44
Q

Mech: Alpha adrenergic antagonists

A

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

45
Q

Used for: Nonprescription nasal decongestants. Reduces hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion; opens obstructed Eustachian tubes.

A

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

46
Q

SE: Hypertension. Can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety.

A

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

47
Q

Mech: Muscarinic receptor agonist.

A

Metacholine

48
Q

Used in asthma challenge testing (diagnosis).

A

Metacholine

49
Q

Prostacyclin analog (PGI2).

A

Epoprostenol

50
Q

Pulmonary hypertension.

A

Epoprostenol

51
Q

Inhibits phosphodiesterase type V; increases cGMP. Dilates pulmonary arteries.

A

Sildenafil

52
Q

Pulmonary hypertension.

A

Sildenafil

53
Q

Toxicities Include Sedation, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-adrenergic effects

A

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine (1st Gen H1 blockers)

Lungs First Aid USMLE 2013 (3 decks)

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