Resp Pharm Flashcards
Mech: Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that binds mostly unbound serum IgE.
Omalizumab mechanism of action?
Used for Severe asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting Beta2 agonists.
Omalizumab
First generation H1 receptor antagonist. Prevents G(q) activation.
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine, Meclizine, Promethazine
Used for Allergies, motion sickness, sleep aid, nausea/vomiting. Acute extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics, Parkinson’s disease.
Diphenhydramine
Used For Motion sickness.
Meclizine
Allergies, motion sickness, sleep aid, nausea/vomiting.
Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine, Promethazine, Promethazine uses?
Sedation, antimuscarinic effects (increase AV node conduction, drowsiness, constipation, dilated pupils, bronchodilation), anti-alpha-adrenergic effects (hypotension).
Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine, Meclizine side, Diphenhydramine effects?
Second generation H1 receptor antagonist. Prevents G(q) activation.
Loratidine, Fexofenadine, Deslortadine, Cetirizine,
Used for Allergies.
Deslortadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine uses?
SE: Far less sedating than first generation H1 antagonists because of decreased CNS penetration. Do not cross BBB and don’t have anti-muscarinic effects.
Deslortadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine
Mech: Nonspecific} beta adrenergic agonist.
Isoproterenol
Used For: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta 2).
Isoproterenol
SE: Tachycardia (beta 1).
Isoproterenol side
Beta 2 adrenergic agonists.
Albuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol
Used for Acute asthma.
Albuterol
Used for: Long-acting agent for asthma prophylaxis.
Salmeterol
SE: Tremor, arrhythmia.
Salmeterol
Mech: Inhibits phosphodiesterase thus increasing cAMP. Adenosine antagonist.
Aminophylline , Theophylline (Methylxanthines)
Used for: IV form used for termination of status asthmaticus (due to beta desensitization)….as a bronchodilator
Aminophylline
SE: Narrow therapeutic index (metabolized by liver). Cardiotoxic (tachycardia, arrhythmias) and neurotoxic.
Aminophylline, Theophylline
Used for: Bronchodilator; used for asthma and COPD.
Theophylline
Mech: Competitive muscarinic antagonist.
Ipratropium
Used for: Prevents bronchoconstriciton; used for asthma and COPD. DRUG OF CHOICE IF YOU ARE ON BETA BLOCKERS.**
Ipratropium
Mech: Prevents release of mediators from mast cells (decrease histamine release).
Cromolyn, nedocromil
Used for: Prophylaxis against asthma. Not effective for an acute asthmatic attack. Generally used for seasonal allergies, Hay fever because they are OTC.
Cromolyn, nedocromil
SE: Toxicity is rare; throat irritation and cough (triggers asthma attack relieved in beta 2 agonist).
Cromolyn, nedocromil
- Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines
- Inactivates NF-kappa B: the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha.
Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Prednisone
First line for chronic asthma.
Beclomethasone, Prednisone
- 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor.
- Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
Zileuton
Used for Asthma, COPD.
Zileuton
SE: Monitor liver function.
Zileuton
Mech: Leukotriene antagonist.
Zafirlukast, montelukast
Used for: Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Zafirlukast, montelukast
SE: Immunosuppression via decreased neutrophil chemotaxis (LTB4). Associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Zafirlukast, montelukast
Mech: Expectorant.
Guaifenesin
Used to: Thins respiratory secretions Does not supress cough reflex.
Guaifenesin
Mech: Mucolytic.
N-acetylcysteine
Used for: Loosens mucous plugs in cystic fibrosis patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
N-acetylcysteine
Mech: Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance.
Bosentan
Used for Pulmonary hypertension (drug of choice).
Bosentan
Mech: Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors; codeine analog.
Dextromethorphan
Mech: Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors)
Dextromethorphan
SE: Treat overdose with naloxone.
Dextromethorphan
Mech: Alpha adrenergic antagonists
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
Used for: Nonprescription nasal decongestants. Reduces hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion; opens obstructed Eustachian tubes.
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
SE: Hypertension. Can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety.
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
Mech: Muscarinic receptor agonist.
Metacholine
Used in asthma challenge testing (diagnosis).
Metacholine
Prostacyclin analog (PGI2).
Epoprostenol
Pulmonary hypertension.
Epoprostenol
Inhibits phosphodiesterase type V; increases cGMP. Dilates pulmonary arteries.
Sildenafil
Pulmonary hypertension.
Sildenafil
Toxicities Include Sedation, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-adrenergic effects
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine (1st Gen H1 blockers)
